Previous studies have shown that the human visual system can detect a face and elicit a saccadic eye movement toward it very efficiently compared to other categories of visual stimuli. In the first experiment, we tested the influence of facial expressions on fast face detection using a saccadic choice task. Face‐vehicle pairs were simultaneously presented and participants were asked to saccade toward the target (the face or the vehicle). We observed that saccades toward faces were initiated faster, and more often (...) in the correct direction, than saccades toward vehicles, regardless of the facial expressions (happy, fearful, or neutral). We also observed that saccade endpoints on face images were lower when the face was happy and higher when it was neutral. In the second experiment, we explicitly tested the detection of facial expressions. We used a saccadic choice task with emotional‐neutral pairs of faces and participants were asked to saccade toward the emotional (happy or fearful) or the neutral face. Participants were faster when they were asked to saccade toward the emotional face. They also made fewer errors, especially when the emotional face was happy. Using computational modeling, we showed that this happy face advantage can, at least partly, be explained by perceptual factors. Also, saccade endpoints were lower when the target was happy than when it was fearful. Overall, we suggest that there is no automatic prioritization of emotional faces, at least for saccades with short latencies, but that salient local face features can automatically attract attention. (shrink)

In this essay I offer a detailed reply to three critics (whose commentaries are included in this issue of Philosophia) of my Forgiveness: a Philosophical Exploration (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007). The topics explored include the nature and limits of forgiveness; its unconditional or conditional character; the problem of distinguishing between central and marginal cases; the analysis of political apology; and questions of philosophical methodology.

This chapter contains sections titled: Meet the Celebrity Moms How to be a Good Mother Working Mothers How to be a Bad Mother Conclusion: Mothering as Boring Notes.

This paper explores what it takes for research laboratories to produce valuable knowledge in academic institutions marked by the coexistence of multiple evaluative frameworks. Drawing upon ethnographic fieldwork carried out in two UK-based epigenetics research laboratories, I examine the set of practices through which research groups intertwine knowledge production with the making of scientific, health, and wealth value. This includes building and maintaining a portfolio of valuable resources, such as expertise, scientific credibility, or data, and turning these resources into assets (...) by carefully organizing and managing their value. Laboratories then put these assets to productive use within and outside their labs toward the creation or extraction of value. I identify two models for producing value within academic science: a commodity-based model whereby laboratories mobilize their assets to produce results, which can be converted into publications for the accumulation of credibility capital, and a rentier model of accumulation whereby laboratories own valuable assets, which they rent out to others outside their lab against revenue. Following recent developments in Science and Technology Studies on value production in the bioeconomy, I argue that the concepts of asset and rent are essential analytical tools for getting to grips with the origins of value within academic science. (shrink)

Qu'est-ce que l'espace? Newton le conçoit comme une entité à part, un "espace absolu" qui permet de mesurer situation et trajectoire des corps. Mais cette définition des Principes mathématiques de la philosophie naturelle est le résultat d'un long travail d'élaboration et le présent ouvrage en propose l'archéologie : il analyse les sources et les raisons d'être - physiques, théologiques, ontologiques de ce concept d'espace, et rend compte de l'effort du savant pour penser et dire quelque chose qui excède les catégories (...) et les modes de causation théorisés par son époque. Si l'espace newtonien est aujourd'hui dépassé, il met en lumière des questions que nous continuons de nous poser sur la nature de l'espace."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

The place of religion in society has changed profoundly in the last few centuries, particularly in the West. In what will be a defining book for our time, Taylor takes up the question of what these changes mean, and what, precisely, happens when a society becomes one in which faith is only one human possibility among others.

BackgroundCognitive impairments are a core feature in schizophrenia and are linked to poor social functioning. Numerous studies have shown that cognitive remediation can enhance cognitive and functional abilities in patients with this pathology. The underlying mechanism of these behavioral improvements seems to be related to structural and functional changes in the brain. However, studies on neural correlates of such enhancement remain scarce.ObjectivesWe explored the neural correlates of cognitive enhancement following cognitive remediation interventions in schizophrenia and the differential effect between cognitive (...) training and other therapeutic interventions or patients’ usual care.MethodWe searched MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and ScienceDirect databases for studies on cognitive remediation therapy in schizophrenia that used neuroimaging techniques and a randomized design. Search terms included randomized controlled trial, cognitive remediation, cognitive training, rehabilitation, magnetic resonance imaging, po... (shrink)

One of science's greatest intellects examines how people and animals display fear, anger, and pleasure. Darwin based this 1872 study on his personal observations, which anticipated later findings in neuroscience. Abounding in anecdotes and literary quotations, the book is illustrated with 21 figures and seven photographic plates. Its direct approach, accessible to professionals and amateurs alike, continues to inspire and inform modern research in psychology.

Dans cet article, nous proposons une étude du rapport qu’entretient la notion d’espace avec la doctrine de la prisca theologia dans le manuscrit « Tempus et locus » d’Isaac Newton. Nous nous efforçons de montrer que ce manuscrit méconnu remet en question la lecture positiviste qu’il peut être tentant de faire du concept d’espace absolu, tel qu’il est défini à la même période dans la première édition des Principes mathématiques de la philosophie naturelle. Il s’agit au contraire de comprendre l’importance (...) des enjeux théologiques de la construction de ce concept afin d’en saisir la richesse et l’importance dans l’œuvre scientifique du savant anglais. (shrink)

À quelques rares exceptions près, la philosophie biologique de G. Canguilhem n’aborde jamais directement la question du vieillissement. Néanmoins, cet article vise à montrer que ses réflexions sur la santé et la maladie, le normal et le normatif, et plus généralement sur le vivant, constituent, dans leur ensemble, un cadre théorique pertinent pour appréhender ce phénomène. À la lumière d’un exemple, nous montrerons qu’elles permettent d’ouvrir un espace de dialogue entre réflexion philosophique et biologie contemporaine du vieillissement.

Nous travaillons la notion de « textualité numérique » à partir d’un corpus d’œuvres littéraires conçues par la maison d’édition Publie.net. Dans une démarche ancrée, communicationnelle et stylistique, nous relions trois niveaux pour mettre au jour les enjeux de cette textualité, d’un point de vue social, technique et cognitif. Nous montrons notamment que ces dispositifs mettent en tension les acteurs qui les conçoivent et les obligent à expliciter leur projet, sans lequel le lecteur se trouverait dérouté. Disséminés dans l’espace de (...) lecture, les signes de « l’intention éditoriale » doivent lui permettre de résoudre l’énigme posée par des œuvres littéraires revendiquées comme expérimentales. En décrivant un tel processus, nous forgeons de nouveaux concepts à même d’enrichir la compréhension de la textualité numérique. (shrink)

Charles Taylor has been one of the most original and influential figures in contemporary philosophy: his 'philosophical anthropology' spans an unusually wide range of theoretical interests and draws creatively on both Anglo-American and Continental traditions in philosophy. A selection of his published papers is presented here in two volumes, structured to indicate the direction and essential unity of the work. He starts from a polemical concern with behaviourism and other reductionist theories (particularly in psychology and the philosophy of language) (...) which aim to model the study of man on the natural sciences. This leads to a general critique of naturalism, its historical development and its importance for modern culture and consciousness; and that in turn points, forward to a positive account of human agency and the self, the constitutive role of language and value, and the scope of practical reason. The volumes jointly present some two decades of work on these fundamental themes, and convey strongly the tenacity, verve and versatility of the author in grappling with them. They will interest a very wide range of philosophers and students of the human sciences. (shrink)

This new edition of Charles Fried's 'Medical Experimentation' includes a general introduction by Franklin Miller and the late Alan Wertheimer, a reprint of the 1974 text, an in-depth analysis by Harvard Law School scholars I. Glenn Cohen and D. James Greiner, and a new essay by Fried reflecting on the original text and how it applies to the contemporary landscape of medicine and medical experimentation.

In this revised edition of his 1979 classic Political Theory and International Relations, Charles Beitz rejects two highly influential conceptions of international theory as empirically inaccurate and theoretically misleading. In one, international relations is a Hobbesian state of nature in which moral judgments are entirely inappropriate, and in the other, states are analogous to persons in domestic society in having rights of autonomy that insulate them from external moral assessment and political interference. Beitz postulates that a theory of international (...) politics should include a revised principle of state autonomy based on the justice of a state’s domestic institutions, and a principle of international distributive justice to establish a fair division of resources and wealth among persons situated in diverse national societies. (shrink)

Familiarity with Charles Darwin's treatise on evolution is essential to every well-educated individual. One of the most important books ever published--and a continuing source of controversy, a century and a half later--this classic of science is reproduced in a facsimile of the critically acclaimed first edition.

Fiona Allon writes that “ home, now more than ever, is seen as firmly connected to the world of politics and economics, as actively shaped and defined by the public sphere rather than existing simply as a refuge from it.” 1 From this perspective, claims to home as they are located in a relationship to claims of both national and local belonging are often a contested site within Australia, where notions of who is seen to be at home in Australia (...) are constantly being challenged and reworked. Structured around the desire amongst white people to retain Australia as a “white nation,” claims to home may be seen as operating in complex ways in regards to the rights that arise from the ongoing existence of Indigenous sovereignties, and the politics surrounding levels of immigration from groups of people perceived as belonging to minority racial groups. In this context, the notion of home is frequently drawn upon in relation to both how people perceive the way in which they, and others, belong in a country, and this raises questions surrounding who is legitimately able to call Australia home. Such discourses of home evoke feelings of ownership in people who feel that they have a legitimate claim to a country for reasons primarily of race or location of birth. In Australia, despite the powerful presence and voice of Indigenous peoples, popular perceptions of the country tend to place such homely rights firmly in the laps of white people, who, through images of white nuclear families in front of white picket fences, perceive themselves as already and rightfully at home in Australia. Yet such conceptions of Australia are not accepted without struggle. Notions of home are very much contested, especially in terms of Indigenous sovereignty and non-white immigration, both of which question the legitimacy of a normatively white Australia. Such ideas of home as being a contested space in which issues of national belonging are played out in Australia were seen quite clearly in relation to the 2005 Cronulla riots, in which thousands of white Australians gathered around Cronulla beach, shouting at and threatening those located as “Lebanese Muslim” people. The people involved in the riots made it quite clear that whilst Australia was a home for them, it ought not to be home to people who were identified as Lebanese Muslims. Such racist opinions exemplified the fact that Australia is seen to be a white country, and therefore as a legitimate home to white people rather than to non-white minority groups or even to Indigenous Australians. This is discussed in more detail later in this paper. (shrink)

Un projet de recherche scientifique cristallise plusieurs tensions temporelles. Étudié en tant que dispositif, il transforme les pratiques de recherche et particulièrement les pratiques de communication. Dans le cas de la recherche en écologie, l’expérimentation en milieu naturel, emblème de la modernisation de la discipline, introduit la temporalité de phénomènes naturels difficilement maîtrisables. L’étude du projet Inbioprocess permet de suivre les pratiques communicationnelles de gestion du temps afin de concilier le travail expérimental en milieu naturel et le suivi d’un planning (...) de projet. Pour cela, matériaux ethnographiques et discursifs sont complétés par des entretiens. L’action B du projet est centrée sur le détournement d’un bras de rivière dont la réalisation se confronte à certaines difficultés. Cette contribution met en évidence le rôle des productions discursives comme trace du rapport au temps et comme prise sur les événements naturels. Si les chercheurs naturalisent des critères temporels pour l’évaluation, l’écriture permet de faire récit de l’imprévisibilité. De même, la circulation de documents est à l’origine d’une nécessaire complémentarité des temps. Nous montrons également l’importance des pratiques d’ajustement et les risques liés à une hiérarchisation du temps court du projet sur le temps long de l’équipe. La gestion communicationnelle des temporalités apparaît comme un élément central de la réalisation d’un projet scientifique. (shrink)

This essay is part of a special issue celebrating 50 years of Political Theory. The ambition of the editors was to mark this half century not with a retrospective but with a confabulation of futures. Contributors were asked: What will political theory look and sound like in the next century and beyond? What claims might political theorists or their descendants be making in ten, twenty-five, fifty, a hundred years’ time? How might they vindicate those claims in their future contexts? How (...) will the consistent concerns of political theorists evolve into the questions critical for people decades or centuries from now? What new problems will engage the political theorists (or their rough equivalents) of the future? What forms might those take? What follows is one of the many confabulations published in response to these queries. (shrink)

Perhaps the most readable and accessible of the great works of scientific imagination, The Origin of Species sold out on the day it was published in 1859. Theologians quickly labeled Charles Darwin the most dangerous man in England, and, as the Saturday Review noted, the uproar over the book quickly "passed beyond the bounds of the study and lecture-room into the drawing-room and the public street." Yet, after reading it, Darwin's friend and colleague T. H. Huxley had a different (...) reaction: "How extremely stupid not to have thought of that." Based largely on Darwin's experience as a naturalist while on a five-year voyage aboard H.M.S. Beagle, The Origin of Species set forth a theory of evolution and natural selection that challenged contemporary beliefs about divine providence and the immutability of species. A landmark contribution to philosophical and scientific thought, this edition also includes an introductory historical sketch and a glossary Darwin later added to the original text. Charles Darwin grew up considered, by his own account, "a very ordinary boy, rather below the common standard of intellect." A quirk of fate kept him from the career his father had deemed appropriate--that of a country parson--when a botanist recommended Darwin for an appointment as a naturalist aboard H.M.S. Beagle from 1831 to 1836. Darwin is also the author of the five-volume work Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle (1839) and The Descent of Man (1871). (shrink)

The publication of Darwin's On the Origin of Species in 1859 ignited a public storm he neither wanted nor enjoyed. Having offered his book as a contribution to science, Darwin discovered to his dismay that it was received as an affront by many scientists and as a sacrilege by clergy and Christian citizens. To answer the criticism that his theory was a theory only, and a wild one at that, he published two volumes in 1868 to demonstrate that evolution was (...) obvious to anyone who cared to look at a bull in a pasture or a dog on a hearth. In response to those who insisted that species were distinct since creation, Darwin pointed to breeders of pigs and pigeons. In reply to those who protested that human intervention is one thing and natural selection another, he argued, "If organic beings had not possessed an inherent tendency to vary, man could have done nothing." To counter those who scorned his descriptions of species in exotic places, he submitted local evidence of cabbages and cauliflower. Based on a wide array of sources, from ancient pictographs to Polish roosters, from skins and from skeletons, from scientific journals and breeding manuals, Darwin assembled a mass of proof--and a hypothesis about species reversion that risked his reputation anew. The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication is a two-volume compilation of his thorough and intensive research and the revolutionary conclusions that resulted. The first portion of his work is dedicated to a meticulous analysis of various aspects of plant and animal life, including an inventory of varieties and their physical and behavioral characteristics, investigation of the impact of a species' surrounding environment and the role that both natural and forced changes in this environment have had. Darwin then turns to a richly detailed discussion of the roles of inheritance and crossing in the development of species. A wealth of illustrations further support and enhance his findings. This fascinating, invaluable, and courageous undertaking eventually formed the foundation for our current understanding of evolution. "In science as in politics the victors tend to write the history books. As a result, the record of the past is edited, intentionally or unintentionally, so that it focuses mainly on the precursors of contemporary orthodoxy. Such a focus may accurately represent the genealogy of modern ideas, but it almost inevitably misrepresents the historical experience of their progenitors... Even the powerful, persuasive, and ultimately triumphant theory of evolution by natural selection required not only defense, but repeated buttressing and revision. Variation showed Darwin hard at work on this rearguard action, using the materials he had at hand... His information was gleaned from the observations of fanciers, breeders, and amateur naturalists, as well as from the treatises of those on the cutting edge of zoology and botany. As hindsight narrows the historical spotlight, it imposes its own sense of hierarchy on the preoccupations of the past. But Darwin was interested in all of these topics, valued all of these sources, and belonged, to a greater or lesser extent, to all of these communities."--from the Introduction. (shrink)

In a 2020 paper, 37 authors, all researchers and students in aging biology, pointed out a general lack of consensus in their field, “even on the most fundamental questions”. They evoked a “problem”, for which a solution has yet to be found. But what exactly does this lack of consensus specifically refer to and why should it be inherently problematic? Here, I would like to explore three distinct philosophical reactions when dealing with this issue. First, I will assess the extent (...) to which this lack of consensus can be taken as evidence that science, in a sense, needs philosophy. Then, I will examine how it may be related to the particular nature of the aging phenomenon, which both science and philosophy can help describe and understand. Finally, I will show that this lack of consensus could also be considered, not as a problem, but as an opportunity to question the role of pluralism and the importance of ambiguity in science in general, and in aging biology in particular. (shrink)

Les temporalités de l’action publique n’intègrent pas actuellement les temporalités propres au vivant, dans un contexte préoccupant de crise écologique. Au travers de l’étude des politiques territoriales de biodiversité du Nord-Pas-de-Calais, nous analysons ici ces contradictions temporelles. L’action publique demeure en effet dans une perspective anthropocentrée qui détermine la finalité et les moyens des politiques de biodiversité à partir de contraintes politiques et économiques propres aux sociétés. Elle reflète ainsi une perspective linéaire du temps avec des objectifs de résultats court-termistes, (...) notamment liés au développement du New Public Management, à la politique par objectifs et à la contrainte de résultats quantifiables sur le vivant. À l’inverse, le vivant se pense au travers du temps évolutif et indéterminé propre aux écosystèmes. Les pressions anthropiques – artificialisation des sols, pollutions, fragmentation du territoire, changement climatique, etc. - menacent toutefois aujourd’hui sa pérennité car elles provoquent une accélération de la disparition irréversible d’espèces et la fragilisation des écosystèmes. Cet article appelle à une convergence des temporalités de l’action publique et de la biodiversité, qui pourrait se penser au travers d’un futur écocentré. (shrink)

Financing innovative and costly treatments in various therapeutic fields entails a number of problems in countries where costs are covered by public services. Providing these drugs is forcing actors to define the maximum sums of money society is willing to spend for given health improvements. This raises the question of whether maximum financing should vary according individuals’ circumstances, such as the rareness of a disease, lifestyles, social inequalities experienced over a life time, etc. This article examines a particular priority, namely (...) that given to the youngest patients, such prioritising usually refers to the “fair innings argument”. We question what could justify such a prioritization criterion. Three arguments are considered. At first we consider that FIA could be justified by the objective of equalizing the opportunities of well-being. Next, we proposed justifying the fair innings argument with the aim of equalizing the time provided to individuals to achieve their plan of life, in accordance with Rawls’s theory of justice as fairness. Finally, we proposed considering the FIA as being justified because of the goal of equalizing the time provided to individuals to accept death. These three arguments, of course, have many limitations, some of which we have highlighted. This article doesn’t aim to convince about the superiority of one argument over the other ones. We seek to contribute to the discussions which could happen on prioritization criteria regarding health care, by making explicit what could justify one specific criterion: the age criterion. (shrink)

Cet article s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche visant à mobiliser les méthodes et outils proposés par Michel Foucault pour apporter un éclairage sur un ensemble de discussions que soulève l’évaluation économique en santé. Nous nous intéressons ici à l’ancrage épistémologique des méthodes de révélation des préférences individuelles issues de l’économie du bien-être, qui sont aujourd’hui utilisées pour valoriser les bénéfices en santé, en nous appuyant sur la typologie des épistémès de Foucault dans les Mots et les choses. (...) Plus précisément, nous envisageons que le rejet des comparaisons interpersonnelles, que préfigure la révolution marginaliste et la transition vers une mesure ordinale des utilités, s’explique par le passage d’une épistémè classique à une épistémè moderne. La question du caractère cardinal ou ordinal de la mesure de l’utilité reste centrale pour l’évaluation économique en santé. En effet, les méthodes d’évaluation des bénéfices en santé, notamment au moyen des QALY, se rapprochent d’une mesure cardinale, contrairement au paradigme de la nouvelle économie du bien-être dans lequel elle est censée s’inscrire. Classification JEL : B12, D61, D63, I10. (shrink)

Le présent article propose d’articuler la notion de bêtise telle qu’elle est élaborée par Gilles Deleuze dans ses premiers ouvrages au concept de honte. Dans cette articulation entre pensée philosophique, bêtise et honte, les théories cliniques déployées par Deleuze et Guattari s’imposent comme une élaboration centrale du projet métaphysique porté par Deleuze au travers du concept de bêtise. Le mouvement de pensée initié par Deleuze, prenant une ampleur explicitement clinique et politique avec Guattari, semble être réactivé dans le champ clinique (...) contemporain. Nous observons une actualité (ou une réactualisation) des critiques des théories psychanalytiques et psychiatriques qu’ils ont déployées dans les années 70. La figure deleuzienne de l’idiot permet de penser le type de position qu’occupent les auteurs et les autrices qui, actuellement, soulèvent les enjeux épistémologiques, politiques et cliniques du genre. Sur son revers, elle interroge ce que l’idiotie, au sens deleuzien, fait à la bêtise et à la honte. (shrink)

In the Path of the Moon: Babylonian Celestial Divination and Its Legacy. By Francesca Rochberg. Studies in Ancient Magic and Divination, vol. 6. Leiden: Brill, 2010. Pp. xxii + 445, frontispiece. $216.

In a famous passage from his al-Bāhir, al-Samaw’al proves the identity which we would now write as (ab)n=anbn\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$(ab)^n=a^n b^n$$\end{document} for the cases n=3,4\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$n=3,4$$\end{document}. He also calculates the equivalent of the expansion of the binomial (a+b)n\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$(a+b)^n$$\end{document} for the same values of n and describes the construction of what we now call the Pascal Triangle, showing (...) the table up to its 12th row. We give a literal translation of the whole passage, along with paraphrases in more modern or symbolic form. We discuss the influence of the Euclidean tradition on al-Samaw’al’s presentation, and the role that diagrams might have played in helping al-Samaw’al’s readers follow his arguments, including his supposed use of an early form of mathematical induction. (shrink)

A new understanding of political philosophy from one of its leading thinkers What is political philosophy? What are its fundamental problems? And how should it be distinguished from moral philosophy? In this book, Charles Larmore redefines the distinctive aims of political philosophy, reformulating in this light the basis of a liberal understanding of politics. Because political life is characterized by deep and enduring conflict between rival interests and differing moral ideals, the core problems of political philosophy are the regulation (...) of conflict and the conditions under which the members of society may thus be made subject to political authority. We cannot assume that reason will lead to unanimity about these matters because individuals hold different moral convictions. Larmore therefore analyzes the concept of reasonable disagreement and investigates the ways we can adjudicate conflicts among people who reasonably disagree about the nature of the human good and the proper basis of political society. Challenging both the classical liberalism of Locke, Kant, and Mill, and more recent theories of political realism proposed by Bernard Williams and others, Larmore argues for a version of political liberalism that is centered on political legitimacy rather than on social justice, and that aims to be well suited to our times rather than universally valid. Forceful and thorough yet concise, What Is Political Philosophy? proposes a new definition of political philosophy and demonstrates the profound implications of that definition. The result is a compelling and distinctive intervention from a major political philosopher. (shrink)

Packed with examples pulled straight from recent headlines, ENGINEERING ETHICS, Sixth Edition, helps engineers understand the importance of their conduct as professionals as well as reflect on how their actions can affect the health, safety and welfare of the public and the environment. Numerous case studies give readers plenty of hands-on experience grappling with modern-day ethical dilemmas, while the book's proven and structured method for analysis walks readers step by step through ethical problem-solving techniques. It also offers practical application of (...) the Engineering Code of Ethics and thorough coverage of critical moral reasoning, effective organizational communication, sustainability and economic development, risk management, ethical responsibilities, globalized standards for engineering and emerging challenges relating to evolving technology. Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product text may not be available in the ebook version. (shrink)

En juillet 2016, Frederik A. Bakker, Delphine Bellis et Carla Rita Palmerino ont organisé à l’Université de Radboud, aux Pays-Bas une conférence sur l’histoire de la cosmologie et de ses problèmes depuis Aristote jusqu’à la correspondance de Leibniz et Clarke. L’ouvrage Space, Imagination and Cosmos from Antiquity to the Early Modern Period est le résultat de cette rencontre internationale. Le premier chapitre est une introduction générale qui explique la position épistémologique du projet. S...

Dans cet article, nous proposons une étude du rapport qu’entretient la notion d’espace avec la doctrine de la prisca theologia dans le manuscrit « Tempus et locus » d’Isaac Newton. Nous nous efforçons de montrer que ce manuscrit méconnu remet en question la lecture positiviste qu’il peut être tentant de faire du concept d’espace absolu, tel qu’il est défini à la même période dans la première édition des Principes mathématiques de la philosophie naturelle. Il s’agit au contraire de comprendre l’importance (...) des enjeux théologiques de la construction de ce concept afin d’en saisir la richesse et l’importance dans l’œuvre scientifique du savant anglais. (shrink)

The Spirit of the Laws is, without question, one of the central texts in the history of eighteenth-century thought, yet there has been no complete, scholarly English-language edition since that of Thomas Nugent, published in 1750. This lucid translation renders Montesquieu's problematic text newly accessible to a fresh generation of students, helping them to understand quite why Montesquieu was such an important figure in the early enlightenment and why The Spirit of the Laws was, for example, such an influence upon (...) those who framed the American constitution. Fully annotated, this edition focuses attention upon Montesquieu's use of sources and his text as a whole, rather than upon those opening passages towards which critical energies have traditionally been devoted, and a select bibliography and chronology are provided for those coming to Montesquieu's work for the first time. (shrink)

Les violences subies pendant l’enfance peuvent gravement affecter le développement et la santé des mineurs. La clinique de la violence chez l’enfant et l’adolescent et son traitement sont très spécifiques. Pédiatres et médecins légistes ont ainsi créé la Société française de pédiatrie médico-légale ( sfpml ) afin de penser les violences faites aux mineurs, du repérage à l’expertise, pour proposer des actions adaptées à leur particulière vulnérabilité et penser la prévention. L’enfant doit être un sujet de soins et non pas (...) un objet d’investigation. La pédiatrie médico-légale promeut une pratique intégrée dans une dynamique de parcours de soins. L’expérimentation nationale « Santé protégée » a pour objectif d’améliorer la santé globale de ces enfants et adolescents en facilitant l’accès aux soins, le suivi et la coordination. Il paraît important aujourd’hui de mener des actions de prévention et de soins et d’assurer un accompagnement sécurisant des enfants pour limiter l’impact des violences et leur permettre de bien grandir. (shrink)

Devenu un topos de la littérature scientifique, le bouclier argien ou argolique, comme le nomment les sources impériales et les études modernes, fait ici l’objet d’une déconstruction historiographique. Plutôt que de tenter de retrouver dans cette expression une arme défensive réelle et proprement argienne, nous étudions ce bouclier et son énonciation pour son rôle de symbole politique à travers l’Antiquité et la place de la cité argienne dans l’élaboration de ce symbole.

The Tattvasaṃgraha, or Encyclopedia of Metaphysics, is the most influential and most frequently studied philosophical text from the late period of Indian Buddhism. This edition includes verses by Śāntarakṣita (c. 725-788 CE), which are clarified and expounded in the commentary of his student Kamalaśīla (c. 740-795 CE); both of these authors played crucial roles in founding the Buddhist tradition of Tibet. In the Tattvasaṃgraha, they explain, discuss and critique a vast range of views and arguments from across the whole South (...) Asian philosophical and religious spectrum. The work deals at length with ideas drawn from Buddhism, Jainism, and a variety of traditions now incorporated within Hinduism, including Mīmāṃsā, Nyāya-vaiśeṣika, and Sāṃkhya; it also includes the earliest discussion of Advaita Vedānta in any Buddhist text. The chapters selected for translation from Sanskrit and Tibetan deal with such fundamental philosophical issues as the existence or nonexistence of God and the soul; the nature of matter and of causal relationships; the connection between words and their referents; the rules of logic; the sources of our knowledge; and the compatibility of beliefs about karma with Buddhism's fundamental claim that there is no self. Introductory chapters discuss translation choices and explain the forms of argument and methods of reasoning employed by Śāntarakṣita and Kamalaśīla. (shrink)

This first volume of the Logic of the Future edition collects Peirce's writings on the historical development, theory and application of his graphical method and diagrammatic reasoning. Its 28 selections of texts and extensive general and volume int.

In this book, Charles Larmore develops an account of morality, freedom, and reason that rejects the naturalistic metaphysics shaping much of modern thought. Reason, Larmore argues, is responsiveness to reasons, and reasons themselves are essentially normative in character, consisting in the way that physical and psychological facts - facts about the world of nature - count in favor of possibilities of thought and action that we can take up. Moral judgments are true or false in virtue of the moral (...) reasons there are. We need therefore a more comprehensive metaphysics that recognizes a normative dimension to reality as well. Though taking its point of departure in the analysis of moral judgment, this book branches widely into related topics such as freedom and the causal order of the world, textual interpretation, the nature of the self, self-knowledge, and the concept of duties to ourselves. (shrink)