One of the main highlights from last year’s event was the 2022 Philippine National and Local Elections. The Philippine elections involve a lot of people interaction from poll workers and other deputized agencies. Further, this study explores the lived experiences, challenges, and coping mechanisms of poll watchers during the 2022 Philippine election. Employing the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, the findings of this study were: (1) Filipino workers value a good-paying job and preferred meaningful work. (2) Amidst the experiences and challenges, the (...) poll watchers remain determined and motivated to take part in the seasonal election. (3) Poll watchers must be physically, emotionally, and mentally prepared to participate in this crucial work. Mainly, pollwatching is a self-reliant job. (shrink)

in this article, we experience the exercise of a screen ethnocartography in agency with the film Beasts of the southern wild by the director Benh Zeitlin. We tested a film experimentation that led to a renewed writing ways of life. We bet on cinema and childhood as possibilities for creating cracks and a stutter of language for the creation of new worlds and ways of living. In cinema images less as a representation, and more as art that proposes incompleteness, fissure, (...) a hole in appearances. In childhood as an exercise of differentiation and resistance to dominant narratives in a given context. In childhood as a limiting experience of/in language, tirelessly exposing the human condition in front of the world. Thus, accompanying the main character of the plot, little Hushpuppy — a six-year-old resident of the “Charles Doucet Island”, experienced as “the Bathtub” —, we are shaken by the forms of life there, considered bestial and not recognized by city humans. Hushpuppy, his father and friends resist attempts to destroy their existence by the forms of the state that try to domesticate them, imbued with the logic that primitives must come to civilization, just as children must become adults. (shrink)

A pandemia ainda está presente no cotidiano. Isto faz com que a reflexão sobre ela seja essencial para problematizar nosso modo de vida e nossos direcionamentos éticos. Este escrito pretende pensar o modo de organização capitalista como gerador de pandemias. Como sistema que age a partir do modus operandi predatório, o capitalismo oferece grandes possibilidades para liberação e circulação de patógenos, bem como sua mutação. A partir das pesquisas do filogeógrafo Rob Wallace, apresentaremos como o atual modo de produção se (...) constitui o principal responsável pela crise pandêmica. Isto nos leva a indagar sobre um outro ethos possível. Que alternativa ética pode se contrapor ao ethos capitalista? Há algum princípio fundamental que possa guiar a ação em contraposição ao modelo atual? Nosso objetivo será estabelecer a ética do cuidado como esse modelo capaz de se pôr contrário ao padrão predatório e competitivo do capitalismo. (shrink)

Fruto de reuniões de estudiosos anarquistas, Ecopolítica mapeia a passagem da biopolítica -- o controle da vida surgido em finais do século XVIII, como analisado por Foucault -- para a ecopolítica, nova forma de governar que emerge pós-II Guerra Mundial e se estende a todas as esferas da vida. Os estudiosos do grupo Nu-Sol percorrem e analisam acontecimentos históricos e contemporâneos, e atravessam fluxos de poder para conclamar à urgente criação de formas de resistência libertárias e esquivas às globalizantes linhas (...) de controle."--Livraria da Vila description. (shrink)

Microagressões raciais são degradações e humilhações sutis, veladas, inócuas, feitas muitas vezes de forma intencional, proferidas contra indivíduos em nível local e individual. No Ensino Superior, pesquisas destacam que experiências com microagressões têm levado estudantes a abandonarem seus cursos. Nesse estudo, buscamos compreender a forma como estudantes cotistas negros e negras de cursos de Ciências Exatas vivenciam microagressões raciais em sua trajetória universitária. Para isso, apresentamos resultados relacionados a uma das categorias de análise de uma pesquisa em andamento, que se (...) relaciona às vivências de 40 estudantes com microagressões raciais dentro de um contexto acadêmico. Os respondentes sofreram microagressões raciais em salas de aula, laboratórios, em atividades de campo, e com docentes, demonstrando sentimentos de desmerecimento, exclusão, desconsideração, invalidez, e invisibilidade. Diante dos relatos, os estudantes combateram ou não tal fenômeno por meio de enfrentamento individual, enfrentamento em grupo, por representatividade, por apoio profissional e por silenciamento. (shrink)

The category of divine pathos had got its strongest expression in Abraham J. Heschel. The prophet has no ideas and concepts about God, the prophet is one who undergoes a transitive action of God. It is not a fusion with God, it is about being affected by the pathos of God. For Heschel the mystical experience is an ecstasy of human being; revelation is an ecstasy of God. It is not God that is an experience of human being; human being (...) is an experience of God. It derives from this not proper an unitive mystic, but a sympathetic mystic, which translates as a human response to the pains of God in the pains of the world. What the prophets testify is not the essence of the divine, but his pathos, his concern with human misery. The divine pathos is like a bridge thrown over the abyss that separates the human being from God. (shrink)

Sem dúvida alguma que era uma das casas mais animadas e mais frequentadas da cidade. Situava-se na esquina da Rua 2 de Julho com a praça do coreto, com uma entrada pela rua e outra pela praça. Portava o nome da sua proprietária. Por isso chamava-se Pensão Benedita.Dizia-se que Dona Benedita era neta de escravos e que sua relação com a família Gomes provinha do tempo da escravatura. Era difícil de entender quem foi escravo de quem, porque o respeito e (...) o carinho que reinavam entre ela e os Gomes eram imensos. Tratava os filhos de seu Uldário, principalmente Otacílio, como se fossem seus próprios filhos. Dizia-se também que seus avós foram libertados pela Lei do Ventre Livre, promulgada pelo gabinete do Visconde do Rio Branco no dia 28 de setembro de 1871, estabelecendo que todo filho de escravos nasci- do a partir daquela data seria livre. (shrink)

RESUMO O artigo tem como objetivo problematizar a racionalidade de governo gerida pelos algoritmos. Argumentar-se-á que a governamentalidade, tal como definida por Michel Foucault, a saber, uma lógica de cálculos e estatísticas utilizada para conduzir a ação dos indivíduos, mesclada às funções das máquinas autônomas, configura um novo regime de produção de subjetividades. Estruturando as relações entre o humano e a máquina em velocidade instantânea e acessando o máximo de informações sobre os interesses e necessidades dos indivíduos, a governamentalidade algorítmica (...) trabalha com a ideia de uma normatividade imanente ao próprio deslocamento e circulação dos dados, bloqueando experiências sociais e políticas com a eliminação das esferas de debates e criação do comum. ABSTRACT The article aims to problematize the rationality of government managed by the algorithms. It will be argued that governmentality, as defined by Michel Foucault, namely a logic of calculations and statistics used to conduct the action of individuals, merged with the functions of autonomic machines, sets up a new regime of production of subjectivities. Structuring the relations between human and machine at instantaneous speed and accessing as much information about the interests and needs of individuals, algorithmic governmentality works with the idea of a normativity immanent from the own displacement and circulation of the data, blocking social and political experiences with the elimination of the spheres of debate and creation of the common. (shrink)

One of science's greatest intellects examines how people and animals display fear, anger, and pleasure. Darwin based this 1872 study on his personal observations, which anticipated later findings in neuroscience. Abounding in anecdotes and literary quotations, the book is illustrated with 21 figures and seven photographic plates. Its direct approach, accessible to professionals and amateurs alike, continues to inspire and inform modern research in psychology.

The place of religion in society has changed profoundly in the last few centuries, particularly in the West. In what will be a defining book for our time, Taylor takes up the question of what these changes mean, and what, precisely, happens when a society becomes one in which faith is only one human possibility among others.

In this paper we study a new operator of strong modality ⊞, related to the non-contingency operator ∆. We then provide soundness and completeness theorems for the minimal logic of the ⊞-operator.

We argue that many-valued logics can be useful in analysing informational conflicts by using society semantics. This work concentrates on four-valued Łukasiewicz logic. SSs were proposed by Carnielli and Lima-Marques to deal with conflicts of information involving rational agents that make judgements about propositions according to a given logic within a society, where a society is understood as a collection $\mathcal{A}$ of agents. The interesting point of such semantics is that a new logic can be obtained by combining the logic (...) of the agents under some appropriate rules. Carnielli and Lima-Marques defined SSs for the three-valued logics $I^{1}$ and $P^{1}$. In this kind of semantics, all the agents reason according to classical logic and the molecular formulas behave in the same way as in CL. Marcos provided SSs with classical agents for the three-valued Łukasiewicz logic Ł$_{3}$, but in this case, the molecular formulas do not behave classically. We prove here that one can characterize Ł$_{4}^{\prime}$, a conservative extension of Ł$_{4}$ obtained by adding a connective $\blacktriangledown$, by means of a closed society where the agents reason according to Ł$_{3}$. We shall emphasize the importance of recovery operators in the construction of this class of societies. Moreover, we shall relate this semantics to Suszko’s view on the ‘two-valuedness’ of logic. (shrink)

In Freud's Civilization and Its Discontents he leaves open a question about the possibility that culture itself is neurotic, and in this sense, if a cultural therapy would not be appropriate; but psychoanalysis arises to heal the individual, who could then be considered healthy, but having to adapt to a sick culture. In this article I try to identify in Freud and Schiller the possibilities of a therapy for culture.

the objective of this article, making use of the theory of Hannah Arendt, is to show as the disruption with regimes of exception if it effected by means of transistions, of a vision of the politics as confrontation and violence for a model of the consensus and its counterpart was to occult the divergent ways with that the social subjetividades breach with the rational model, overshadowing the interpretations of the memory in the democratic normalization.

O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre o modo como as lutas locais e suas movimentações em torno do discurso dos direitos humanos podem ser alçadas à condição de ação política. Trata-se da tentativa de ampliar o conceito de política tendo em vista a potência de transformação contida nos coletivos de subjetividades portadoras de experiências comuns de violência e sofrimento. Fazendo uso do conceito de quilombo, em Beatriz Nascimento, buscaremos fundamentar o alargamento da ideia de política a partir de duas (...) configurações: a disputa por territórios e a conectividade entre saberes específicos e menores oriundos das lutas. Para tanto, cotejaremos o pensamento da autora com a filosofia contemporânea de Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari. Nossa hipótese é a de que o conceito de ação política demandaria um alargamento em sua formulação de modo a abranger as variadas e singulares formas de resistência cotidianas. (shrink)

In this paper, we argue that the systems Basic Logic of Evidence (BLE) and Logic of Evidence and Truth (LETJ) suffer a kind of semantic incompleteness with respect to the informal notion of evidence. More especifically, we argue that the connective o of the logic LETJ fails to validate intuitive principles about conclusive evidence.

Familiarity with Charles Darwin's treatise on evolution is essential to every well-educated individual. One of the most important books ever published--and a continuing source of controversy, a century and a half later--this classic of science is reproduced in a facsimile of the critically acclaimed first edition.

This new edition of Charles Fried's 'Medical Experimentation' includes a general introduction by Franklin Miller and the late Alan Wertheimer, a reprint of the 1974 text, an in-depth analysis by Harvard Law School scholars I. Glenn Cohen and D. James Greiner, and a new essay by Fried reflecting on the original text and how it applies to the contemporary landscape of medicine and medical experimentation.

Charles Taylor has been one of the most original and influential figures in contemporary philosophy: his 'philosophical anthropology' spans an unusually wide range of theoretical interests and draws creatively on both Anglo-American and Continental traditions in philosophy. A selection of his published papers is presented here in two volumes, structured to indicate the direction and essential unity of the work. He starts from a polemical concern with behaviourism and other reductionist theories (particularly in psychology and the philosophy of language) (...) which aim to model the study of man on the natural sciences. This leads to a general critique of naturalism, its historical development and its importance for modern culture and consciousness; and that in turn points, forward to a positive account of human agency and the self, the constitutive role of language and value, and the scope of practical reason. The volumes jointly present some two decades of work on these fundamental themes, and convey strongly the tenacity, verve and versatility of the author in grappling with them. They will interest a very wide range of philosophers and students of the human sciences. (shrink)

Many semantic theories become trivial when extended with a naïve validity predicate due to the validity paradoxes. The non-classical semantic theories are the ones that allegedly preserve the naïveté of the validity predicate while being capable of avoiding the validity paradoxes. This blocking, on the other hand, usually comes at a high cost. In this paper, we argue that the pre-theoretical notion of validity that the naïve validity predicate intends to capture is unattainable.

Perhaps the most readable and accessible of the great works of scientific imagination, The Origin of Species sold out on the day it was published in 1859. Theologians quickly labeled Charles Darwin the most dangerous man in England, and, as the Saturday Review noted, the uproar over the book quickly "passed beyond the bounds of the study and lecture-room into the drawing-room and the public street." Yet, after reading it, Darwin's friend and colleague T. H. Huxley had a different (...) reaction: "How extremely stupid not to have thought of that." Based largely on Darwin's experience as a naturalist while on a five-year voyage aboard H.M.S. Beagle, The Origin of Species set forth a theory of evolution and natural selection that challenged contemporary beliefs about divine providence and the immutability of species. A landmark contribution to philosophical and scientific thought, this edition also includes an introductory historical sketch and a glossary Darwin later added to the original text. Charles Darwin grew up considered, by his own account, "a very ordinary boy, rather below the common standard of intellect." A quirk of fate kept him from the career his father had deemed appropriate--that of a country parson--when a botanist recommended Darwin for an appointment as a naturalist aboard H.M.S. Beagle from 1831 to 1836. Darwin is also the author of the five-volume work Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle (1839) and The Descent of Man (1871). (shrink)

Las paradojas semánticas muestran que las teorías semánticas que internalizan sus propios conceptos semánticos, como la verdad y la validez, no pueden validar toda la lógica clásica. Es decir, es necesario debilitar algún conectivo del lenguaje objeto, tomado como culpable de las paradojas, o renunciar a alguna propiedad de la relación de consecuencia de la teoría lógica. Ambas estrategias pueden alejarnos de la lógica clásica, que es la lógica comúnmente utilizada en nuestras teorías matemáticas actuales. Por tanto, una solución deseable (...) a las paradojas semánticas no debería alejarnos de la lógica clásica. En este trabajo analizamos dos propuestas interesantes que pretenden mantener la lógica clásica al máximo posible. La primera estrategia, Barrio & Pailos & Szmuc-approach (2017) (BPS-approach), propone la lógica paraconsistente MSC que contiene en su lenguaje objeto un conectivo capaz de recuperar la inferencia clásica siempre que las oraciones en cuestión sean consistentes. Así, muestran que es posible construir una teoría semántica sobre esta lógica que sea inmune a las paradojas semánticas. El segundo enfoque se basa en la jerarquia STω de sistemas no transitivos STn, propuesta por Pailos (2020a). Esta jerarquía recupera tantas metainferencias clásicas como sea posible en los niveles superiores de la jerarquía. Argumentamos a favor del segundo enfoque, argumentando que la primera estrategia tiene que adoptar procedimientos autorreferenciales débiles para evitar las paradojas. (shrink)

The publication of Darwin's On the Origin of Species in 1859 ignited a public storm he neither wanted nor enjoyed. Having offered his book as a contribution to science, Darwin discovered to his dismay that it was received as an affront by many scientists and as a sacrilege by clergy and Christian citizens. To answer the criticism that his theory was a theory only, and a wild one at that, he published two volumes in 1868 to demonstrate that evolution was (...) obvious to anyone who cared to look at a bull in a pasture or a dog on a hearth. In response to those who insisted that species were distinct since creation, Darwin pointed to breeders of pigs and pigeons. In reply to those who protested that human intervention is one thing and natural selection another, he argued, "If organic beings had not possessed an inherent tendency to vary, man could have done nothing." To counter those who scorned his descriptions of species in exotic places, he submitted local evidence of cabbages and cauliflower. Based on a wide array of sources, from ancient pictographs to Polish roosters, from skins and from skeletons, from scientific journals and breeding manuals, Darwin assembled a mass of proof--and a hypothesis about species reversion that risked his reputation anew. The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication is a two-volume compilation of his thorough and intensive research and the revolutionary conclusions that resulted. The first portion of his work is dedicated to a meticulous analysis of various aspects of plant and animal life, including an inventory of varieties and their physical and behavioral characteristics, investigation of the impact of a species' surrounding environment and the role that both natural and forced changes in this environment have had. Darwin then turns to a richly detailed discussion of the roles of inheritance and crossing in the development of species. A wealth of illustrations further support and enhance his findings. This fascinating, invaluable, and courageous undertaking eventually formed the foundation for our current understanding of evolution. "In science as in politics the victors tend to write the history books. As a result, the record of the past is edited, intentionally or unintentionally, so that it focuses mainly on the precursors of contemporary orthodoxy. Such a focus may accurately represent the genealogy of modern ideas, but it almost inevitably misrepresents the historical experience of their progenitors... Even the powerful, persuasive, and ultimately triumphant theory of evolution by natural selection required not only defense, but repeated buttressing and revision. Variation showed Darwin hard at work on this rearguard action, using the materials he had at hand... His information was gleaned from the observations of fanciers, breeders, and amateur naturalists, as well as from the treatises of those on the cutting edge of zoology and botany. As hindsight narrows the historical spotlight, it imposes its own sense of hierarchy on the preoccupations of the past. But Darwin was interested in all of these topics, valued all of these sources, and belonged, to a greater or lesser extent, to all of these communities."--from the Introduction. (shrink)

In this paper, we investigate the family LS0.5 of many-valued modal logics LS0.5's. We prove that the modalities of necessity and possibility of the logics LS0.5's capture well-defined bivalent concepts of logical validity and logical consistency. We also show that these modalities can be used as recovery operators.

This article presents a theoretical and analytical reflection on the issue of education and religion in advertising aimed at children. It describes distinctive features of postmodernity – immediacy, consumerism and secularization – as constitutive elements of our time and characterizes media as a sort of all-powerful being that channels, processes, produces and disseminates these postmodern attributes, while offering products that form and shape the way of life of Western society. The article goes on to analyze the content of two advertisements, (...) identifying in them the possible presence of an educational religious-theological discourse. It contends that there is an intrinsic relation between education and religion in advertising, one which strongly influences the learning, thinking and acting patterns of children through such practices as gaining power by what they consume and seeing consumption as a means to attain a more prominent position in this world. In advertising, forms of socialization are presented to children. Finally, it is suggested that one way to introduce and discuss advertisements in educational contexts is by reading and analyzing the narratives of advertising together with the children. (shrink)

Montaigne, no "De l'art de conferer", discute critérios que permitem distinguir os homens segundo suas capacidades (suffisances). A "maneira" de discursar ocupa o centro desta questão e entre suas qualidades se destaca a "ordem", que nos é apresentada, sobretudo, a partir dos desvios da "tolice" (sottise) e "obstinação" (opiniastreté), símbolos do dogmatismo e de uma errônea lide com os saberes que se apoiam na memória. Procura-se mostrar que a ordem se funda na assimilação e penetração do julgamento nas matérias que (...) garantem o nexo necessário para o desenvolvimento adequado da conversação (conference). Montaigne, in "De l'art de conferer", discusses the criteria to distinguish men according to their capabilities (suffisances). The "manner" of discussing is central to this issue and among its qualities "order" distinguishes itself. The "order" is presented to us by the exposition of its deviations: foolishness ("sottise") and obstinacy ("opiniastreté"). These inadequacies represent both dogmatism and an erroneous way of using knowledge based on memory. We intend to show how order is founded on a kind of judgment which assimilates and penetrates matters and subjects - being it the only way to assure the necessary connection to adequately develop the conversation ("conference"). (shrink)

A new understanding of political philosophy from one of its leading thinkers What is political philosophy? What are its fundamental problems? And how should it be distinguished from moral philosophy? In this book, Charles Larmore redefines the distinctive aims of political philosophy, reformulating in this light the basis of a liberal understanding of politics. Because political life is characterized by deep and enduring conflict between rival interests and differing moral ideals, the core problems of political philosophy are the regulation (...) of conflict and the conditions under which the members of society may thus be made subject to political authority. We cannot assume that reason will lead to unanimity about these matters because individuals hold different moral convictions. Larmore therefore analyzes the concept of reasonable disagreement and investigates the ways we can adjudicate conflicts among people who reasonably disagree about the nature of the human good and the proper basis of political society. Challenging both the classical liberalism of Locke, Kant, and Mill, and more recent theories of political realism proposed by Bernard Williams and others, Larmore argues for a version of political liberalism that is centered on political legitimacy rather than on social justice, and that aims to be well suited to our times rather than universally valid. Forceful and thorough yet concise, What Is Political Philosophy? proposes a new definition of political philosophy and demonstrates the profound implications of that definition. The result is a compelling and distinctive intervention from a major political philosopher. (shrink)

Fundamental Buddhist teachings -- Main features of some western ethical theories -- Teravāda ethics as rule-consequentialism -- Mahāyāna ethics before Śāntideva and after -- Transcending ethics -- Buddhist ethics and the demands of consequentialism -- Buddhism on moral responsibility -- Punishment -- Objections and replies -- A Buddhist response to Kant.

To advance understanding of the mechanisms allowing for team coordination (TC) in complex motor actions, we conducted a qualitative study with eight elite hand-to-hand circus acrobats. Data collection consisted of field observations, an open-ended interview with the participants’ head coach, and focus group interviews with all acrobats. Data analysis yielded three higher order themes: TC, collective efficacy (CE), and TC-CE linkage. Teammates’ shared and complementary mental models, as well as implicit and explicit communication dynamics, emerged as formative sub-themes of TC; (...) self-efficacy and other’s-efficacy emerged as reflective sub-themes of CE. Our findings also suggest that TC is likely inter-related to CE in a systemic fashion. Practitioners should encourage the development of both shared and complementary models of thinking, while promoting verbal and non-verbal communication skills. Finally, increasing teammates’ confidence in themselves and in their teammates can help in the development of CE as well as the enhancement of TC. (shrink)

Packed with examples pulled straight from recent headlines, ENGINEERING ETHICS, Sixth Edition, helps engineers understand the importance of their conduct as professionals as well as reflect on how their actions can affect the health, safety and welfare of the public and the environment. Numerous case studies give readers plenty of hands-on experience grappling with modern-day ethical dilemmas, while the book's proven and structured method for analysis walks readers step by step through ethical problem-solving techniques. It also offers practical application of (...) the Engineering Code of Ethics and thorough coverage of critical moral reasoning, effective organizational communication, sustainability and economic development, risk management, ethical responsibilities, globalized standards for engineering and emerging challenges relating to evolving technology. Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product text may not be available in the ebook version. (shrink)