Praca poświęcona jest problematyce wartości ideowo-znaczeniowych i estetyczno-przestrzennych w procesie kształtowania architektury. Pole badawcze skoncentrowano na wybranych dziełach Adama Lisika związanych z architekturą sakralną. Praca ma charakter rozważań natury teologiczno-estetycznej, stanowi _resumé _i wyraz głębokiego szacunku dla wieloletniego, bogatego dorobku twórczego Adama Lisika oraz swoistego rodzaju przekaz dla architektów poszukujących własnych ścieżek wiodących do rozwiązywania problemów związanych z kształtowaniem warstwy znaczeniowej przestrzeni architektury sakralnej. Intencją autora niniejszej wypowiedzi jest także zwrócenie uwagi na powiązania architektury z człowiekiem w subtelnej materii jego (...) odczuć i refleksji. Wszak człowiek to nie tylko zbiór atomów i związków chemicznych, to również obdarzona psychiką, poszukująca transcendentalnych wartości swego życia istota duchowa. Ze względu na objętość praca została podzielona na dwie części. Część I zawiera wprowadzenie, opis metody badań, tezę, stan badań oraz opis jednego z przykładów obiektów architektury sakralnej Adama Lisika stanowiący zapowiedź do dalszych rozważań, zamieszczonych w części II pracy, w której zawarto także podsumowanie przeprowadzonych rozważań, wnioski oraz bibliografię. (shrink)

The object of the article are the questions concerning the „ethical aspects” of functioning of stock exchange law during partitions of Poland and in the first years of independent Poland. The analysis covers the period from 1817 (when in Warsaw the first official stock exchange on Polish territory was created) to 1921 when the first in independent Poland Act about the Organization of Stock Exchanges was passed. In the 19th century, several stock exchanges were created on Polish territory, from which (...) the most essential were those in: Warsaw, Lvov and Lodz. The stock exchange was (and still is) regarded as one of the key institutions of market economy. Already, even on this account, the stock exchange law constituted the essential reference to economic law. On its basis the important institutions functioned, not only in the area of economy. In this article, the basic records of laws and exchange charters were traced, as well as different – essential for stock exchanges – documents (for instance, ministerial instructions), which set the principles of functioning of those institutions. The principles were considered from ethical norms’ point of view, which established ethics of economic life of that time. I have especially focused my attention on the principles of functioning of stock exchanges, which related to: the main stock organs, members of exchanges, as well as the so-called clientele. The stock exchange law also related to realities of that time, where-for different reasons – common cases of disobedience of the law occured. It should be stressed here, that stock exchange law was shaped on basis of economic legislation of the partitioners and that it was subject to changes along with political, economic and social transformations, which took place on Polish territory in the discussed period. (shrink)

More Info: B. Plawgo, A. Grabska, M. Klimczuk-Kochańska, A. Klimczuk, J. Kierklo, J. Żynel-Etel, Startery podlaskiej gospodarki. Analiza gospodarczych obszarów wzrostu i innowacji województwa podlaskiego: sektor produkcji oprogramowania komputerowego (Podlasie economy starters. Analysis of economic growth and innovation areas of Podlaskie: software production sector), Wojewódzki Urząd Pracy w Białymstoku, Białystok 2011.

The stock exchange is regarded as one of the key institutions of market economy. Stockbrokers were a truly essential group of workers of the stock exchanges. It was on the level of their organization and professional ethics that depended the level of efficient functioning of this institution. The basic law regulations, orders and stock charters were traced in this paper as well as – essential for exchanges – different documents, which marked principles of stockbrokers’ activity. These principles were considered from (...) the point of view of the ethical norms establishing the contemporary ethics of economic life. My special attention was concentrated on these principles of stockbrokers’ activities which concern the way of their appointing, rights as well as duties. „Ethical aspects” of stockbrokers’ activity on the Polish stock-exchanges were traced for the period from acceptation, in 1921, the first in independent Poland Act of exchanges organization to the outbreak of World War II. Except stock exchanges which were formed during the Period of the Partitions of Poland (in Warsaw and Lodz), and which resumed their activities after World War I, the new ones were created when Poland had regained its independence. Stock exchanges – except the above-mentioned – were organized in Cracow, Poznan, Vilnius and in Lvov. In initial period of the second Republic of Poland acted six commodities exchanges too. The comparatively quick unification of exchange law by the government of independent Poland was the expression of understanding the importance which was fulfilled (not only) in economy by the institution of stock exchange. In turn, issuing separate regulations for stockbrokers was proof of high position held by this group in the structure of the basic organs of a stock exchange. (shrink)

Prezentowany artykuł stanowi próbę własnego podejścia do filozofii nauki. Autor występuje przeciwko tradycyjnemu, scjentyzującemu stanowisku w tej dyscyplinie filozoficznej. Negatywnym odniesieniem dla pracy są także nieortodoksyjne filozofie nauki, budowane przez Kuhna, Fayerabenda i Amsterdamskiego oraz niektóre aspekty fenomenologii transcendentalnej Husserla. Pozytywnym źródłem prezentowanego artykułu jest współczesna hermeneutyka filozoficzna. Autor próbuje także przedstawić wstępne tezy własnej, tzw. humanistycznej filozofii nauki oraz prezentuje jej główny problem epistemologiczny, związany z deontologizacją i ontologizacją poznania.

The paper aims at reconsidering the problem of existence and recognition of the past in modernistic philosophy. For Henri Bergson, duration is one of the most enigmatic constituents of human existence. In 1896, when he tackled the question of memory, Bergson reached for the basic philosophical questions posed at the very beginning of the Early Greek thought, then asked by Berkeley’s radical empiricism (so called Berkeley’s razor) and subsequently by Kantian Transcendentalism. All these questions have led to the existential analysis (...) of duration which allows for the new foundation of the idea of remembrance and finally the phenomenon of memory. Bergson has treated memory as one of the most important manifestations of vital force (fr. élan vital). The paper culminates with the analysis of artefact as the foundation of the Archaeology of Knowledge. Polish bergsonism and its references to the issue of memory were presented in a poem written by Bolesław Leśmian. (shrink)

The commodity exchange is regarded as one of the key institutions of market economy. Stockbrokers were a truly essential group of workers of the commodity exchanges. It was on the level of their organization and professional ethics that depended the level of efficient functioning of this institution. The basic law regulations, orders and stock charters were traced in this paper, which marked principles of stockbrokers’ activity. These principles were considered from the point of view of the ethical norms establishing the (...) contemporary ethics of economic life. My special attention was concentrated on these principles of stockbrokers’ activities which concern the way of their appointing, rights as well as duties. „Ethical aspects” of stockbrokers’ activity on the Polish commodity exchanges were traced for the period from 1921 to the 1950. In initial period of the second Republic of Poland acted six commodities exchanges. In 1948 year stockbrokers institution was done away. The comparatively quick unification of exchange law by the government of independent Poland was the expression of understanding the importance which was fulfilled in economy by the institution of commodity exchange. In turn, issuing separate regulations for stockbrokers was proof of high position held by this group in the structure of the basic organs of a commodity exchange. (shrink)

Startery Podlaskiej Gospodarki. Analiza Gospodarczych Obszarów Wzrostu I Innowacji Województwa Podlaskiego: Sektor Rehabilitacji Geriatrycznej (Podlasie Economy Starters. Analysis of Economic Growth and Innovation Areas of Podlaskie: Geriatric Rehabilitat Bogusław Plawgo, Magdalena Klimczuk, Mariusz Citkowski, Marta Juchnicka & Andrzej Klimczuk Wojewódzki Urz¸Ad Pracy W Białymstoku (2009) .

This article depicts five approaches to pedagogy, which can be recognized in the course of history: 1) Pedagogy as a philosophy (science of man, paideia, educational anthropology), 2) pedagogy as an independent discipline of humanities, 3) pedagogy as a subject of academic and vocational studies, 4) pedagogy as a subjective theory of education and 5) pedagogy as a community intellectual formation. I am still looking for answers to the question, which of these approaches raises criticism or points to the evolution (...) of educational sciences and schooling as a helpful reflection for practitioners and new directions in researches. (shrink)

The main goal of the article is to demonstrate that (against general opinion) Wolff used not one but few different research methods in his philosophy. Except mathematical (more geometrico), there were semiotic, eidetic and reflective ones. Moreover I indicate the presence of reductive, transcendental, and rhetorical method elements in Wolff's works. Each of this methods are represented in this article in details with an examples of their usage by Wolff. The choice of the methods and the structural relation between them (...) are not coincidental. In the current article I try to prove that the heuristic epistemological primacy in Wolff's philosophy belongs not to the mathematical but to eidetic method. Speaking of the relation type between eidetic method and the rest of them – semiotic, reflective and axiomatic (mathematical one) – I would define it as: (1) genetic dependence, since eidetic method is the reason of existence of the rest of the methods, (2) heuretic dependence, while eidetic one gives the opportunity for the reflection over the rest of the methods, and (3) epistemological dependence, while eidetic method provides criteria of truth (reliability) of the knowledge for the rest of methods. (shrink)

The paper focuses on the role of the Institute of National Education set up in 1997 within Radio Maryja, an intellectual formation chosen by right-wing politicians. The Institute is interested in reforming education; it also questions the existing assumptions of education transformations relating to the model of the moral-shaping school or the societal role of pedagogical sciences. It engages in a variety of education forms, including National Education School, the Academy of Ethical Upbringing, the Academy of Social Abilities, the Summer (...) School of Polish Culture, professional development classes as well as symposia and popular scientific lectures. The Institute is present in publishing. Moreover, it is responsible for organizing summer holidays and pilgrimages; it co-operates with the Redemptorists during retreat meetings. Yet another branch of the Institute is Feliks Koneczny Thought Club and the Maksymilian Kolbe School of Journalism. In the light of its prominence, the discussed movement should be able to contribute significantly to the debate on the education transformation. (shrink)

The essential for building the society – the category of social capital, becomes a base for educational politics in Poland in new structural conditions after 1989. Author reminding ideological and axiological assumption our oppositional environments from period of socialism, which within the confines of social movement „Solidarity’80” designed educational solutions, that should be introduced in free country. First of all, there was an idea of decentralization the school system and bringing autonomy of school. The most important was the possibility of (...) creating the democratic process of social adaptation for new generation. But surprised our freedom, we forgotten about fundamental principles. In this case actually we have: an agreement for simulative educational changes, substitute ideological centralism for pseudo-democracy, artificial autonomy of school, and manipulating teachers environment by authorities of education departments each and every political party. (shrink)

The subject of the analysis is within the category of an educational lie. According to Maria Ossowska, this might be understood as either a justified or permitted misleading of someone, or the maintaining an illusion for either one’s own or another’s sake. Looking at different categories of these distortions of truth, we find that they are used not only for a child’s upbringing or the benefit of the topic, but for withholding or modifying the information about the reality or educational (...) concept. Cheating is an example of an educational lie and it combines someone’s opinion with truth, but would be falsely incompatible with factual knowledge and truthful understanding. Pupils who cheat mislead the teacher and, in the instructor’s ignorance, are led to believe that those pupils have, in fact, knowledge reflected in the exam. Likely the teacher is being cheated as well the student for different reasons. The educational lie has another dimension (when we take into account the sham activity) the quasi teaching or the pseudo-education. This occurs when educators/teachers offer their pupils/clients something different from what should be. The pretence takes place along with the authentic process of learning or completing educational tasks. (shrink)

The object of analysis is the personality education, train of thought pedagogic the most exposed of the conflict as the result of political disputes. The main problem of absence the research and specialist literature about personality education in the period of the socialism, was caused the political and ideological reasons. In the state democratic, this same, became an object of the marginality and social exclusion in public and pedagogic debate. Important is the question – why, from what reason, we are (...) questioning personality in pedagogic and we are giving rise for formulating alternatives towards him. This situation is supporting to creating another – non personal direction in pedagogic, against contents and the structure of the social functioning. (shrink)

Author: Paź Bogusław Title: ONTOLOGY VERSUS METAPHYSICS. GENESIS, DEVELOPMENT AND DIFFERENT FORMS OF THE MODERN THEORY OF BEING (Ontologia versus metafizyka? Geneza, rozwój i różne postaci nowożytnej teorii bytu) Source: Filo-Sofija year: 2011, vol:.15, number: 2011/4, pages: 817-847 Keywords: ONTOLOGY, MODERN METAPHYSICS, ESSENCE, ESSENTIALISM, IDEA, REPRESENTATIONISM, RATIONALISM Discipline: PHILOSOPHY Language: POLISH Document type: ARTICLE Publication order reference (Primary author’s office address): E-mail: www:The paper presents the process of modern metaphysics transforming into the ontology. The major points of this process (...) became: 1) scholastic sources of Catholic metaphysics represented by Fonseca, Suarez, Śmiglecki on the one side and Protestant metaphysics, represented by Goclenius and Clauberg, on the other; 2) Descartes’ epistemology of representation and 3) Leibniz’s rational and pluralistic metaphysics (monadology). The climax of the transformation process appears to be “Philosophia prima sive ontologia” (1729), a masterpiece being written by Wolff, where the first system of the ontology (science about being as possibility) was presented as a discipline independent from the traditional metaphysics. However starting with the Kant’s works ontology no longer was the discipline of knowledge about the real world but has being turned into a field of aprioristic categories of thinking about an existence and the physical world. (shrink)

RATIONALITY IN POSTMODERNISM? The aim of the article is to present analytical criticism of rationalism in a postmodern interpretation by I. Trzcińska in her book Logos, mit i ratio. Wybrane koncepcje racjonalności od XV do XVII wieku. The author of the article proves that the postmodern rationalistic interpretation is either irrational, since it abolishes the guiding principles of thinking and being (such as the law of contradiction and the principle of reason), or deficient in methodology. In the paper analyzed, the (...) absence of quite essential arrangements for rationality as such is pointed out, just as the absence of a typology of possible rationality forms. The author claims that in the case of I. Trzcińska’s book we deal with both problems mentioned, which makes the book irrelevant to traditionally understood science. Keywords: ANALYTICAL CRITICISM, IRRATIONAL POSTMODERN, ABSENCE OF RATIONALITY FORMS. (shrink)

B. Plawgo, A. Grabska, M. Klimczuk-Kochańska, A. Klimczuk, J. Kierklo, J. Żynel-Etel, Startery podlaskiej gospodarki. Analiza gospodarczych obszarów wzrostu i innowacji województwa podlaskiego: sektor produkcji oprogramowania komputerowego, Wojewódzki Urz¸ad Pracy w Białymstoku, Białystok 2011.

The subject of this article is Leibnizian interpretation of the principle of reason. Although the German philosopher called it principium grande of his philosophy, we do not find its systematic exposition in Leibniz’s works. The main aim of my paper is to present a short exposition of the principle. The article consists of three parts: in the first I present systematic exposition of the principle of reason with particular emphasis on explication of terms “principle” and “reason,” in the second, I (...) show the origins of the principle, finally, in the third part, I discuss in detail three forms of it: the principle of sufficient reason, the principle of determining reason and the principle of rendering reason. I accept two main theses: firstly, a proper interpretation of this principle requires taking into account the whole context of Leibnizian philosophy, i.e. one cannot limit oneself (as it is usually happens among researchers) to only one discipline, e.g. logic. Secondly, the ultimate methodological and heuristical foundation of the principle of reason is Leibnizian metaphysics, especially natural theology. (shrink)