A dialogação com a poesia, para Heidegger, consiste na doação da linguagem aos outros, que preserva a palavra e sua abertura. Essa dialogação se estabelece entre o pensador que lê e a poesia que a ele se doa na leitura. Aproveitando a dádiva, Heidegger utiliza-a quer no papel de tradutor quer no papel de escritor-poeta.In Heidegger, the dialogue with poetry consists of an act of gibing to others, that preserves the words and its openness. The dialogue is settled between the (...) thinker, who reads the poetry, and the poetry that gives itself in the writing . Taking advantage of this "donatio", Heidegger uses poetry in his role of translator as well as of poet-writer. (shrink)

O livro analisa as obras dos principais filósofos que criaram as bases da filosofia da arte contemporânea.

O livro revela a passagem do filosófico para o poético em Heidegger.

O artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre as relações étnico-raciais no currículo de uma escola do campo. O objetivo foi identificar de que forma conteúdos de história e cultura afro-brasileira e africana são trabalhados pelos professores das disciplinas de Língua Portuguesa, História, Ciências e Artes da Escola Municipal Margarida Maria Alves, localizada na cidade de Amargosa-Ba. Para a produção dos dados, realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso utilizando a entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram organizados segundo (...) a técnica de análise de conteúdo e permitem apontar que as práticas pedagógicas dos professores apresentam indícios de uma educação intercultural para os estudantes camponeses. (shrink)

Os estudos sobre as comunidades quilombolas tem se ampliado significativamente nos últimos anos no Brasil. Áreas como História, Sociologia, Antropologia, Educação tem evidenciado, com diferentes enfoques teóricos e metodológicos, a importância de se compreender as dimensões histórias, culturais, educacionais dessas comunidades. Neste artigo apresentamos aspectos da história e memória da comunidade quilombola Orquídio Pereira. Os dados foram construídos por meio de entrevistas com moradores antigos e nos permitiu entender as memórias de moradores em uma perspectiva benjaminiana. Palavras-chave: Memória. Narrativa. Comunidade (...) quilombola. (shrink)

A pesquisa sobre quilombos tem se ampliado consideravelmente nos últimos anos, incorporando diferentes referenciais teóricos. Dentre os pesquisadores que têm contribuído para a renovação dos estudos sobre comunidades quilombolas está José Maurício Arruti, doutor em Antropologia Social e professor da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. O professor Arruti pesquisa comunidades quilombolas e povos indígenas, em especial sobre os temas Políticas de Reconhecimento, Território, Memória e Educação. Apresentamos, a seguir, a entrevista por ele concedida, em que discute aspectos de sua trajetória de (...) formação, a produção de conhecimentos sobre comunidades quilombolas, a inserção na pesquisa sobre a temática, as principais dificuldades enfrentadas por essas comunidades no atual contexto de perda gradativa de direitos. Finalizamos a entrevista com o professor Arruti nos apontando sobre seus atuais interesses de ensino e pesquisa. Palavras-chave: Quilombos; Memória; Território; Educação. (shrink)

A partir de uma análise comparativa entre a obra consagrada Frankenstein, de Mary Shelley, e a trilogia contemporânea Jogos Vorazes, de Suzanne Collins, este trabalho pretende assinalar a visão pessimista quanto ao progresso tecnológico e científico que ambas compartilham. Apoiamo-nos na teoria de Walter Benjamin e Hannah Arendt, pensadores que escreveram sobre a mesma visão pessimista. Ademais, nossa pesquisa investiga as faces da monstruosidade na trilogia Jogos Vorazes em contraste com a criatura gerada por Frankenstein, categorizada como monstro clássico. Por (...) fim, assinalamos a provável inclinação das mensagens finais para um pessimismo quanto ao progresso científico e tecnológico. Nosso objetivo é o de mostrar como essas histórias, separadas por quase duzentos anos, convergem para o mesmo questionamento sobre o futuro. (shrink)

Num confronto inicial de Heidegger com Spengler e Toynbee assinala-se a importância da História e da época atual para o primeiro, como foco central de interesse filosófico tanto em Ser e Tempo como na fase posterior, em que o compromisso político do filósofo com a renovação da Alemanha se alarga numa dimensão ontológica. Transposta para essa dimensão, a questão da técnica levaria a quatro paradoxos, que convergem numa só aporia.In a preliminary confrontation of Heidegger with Spengler and Toynbee, one remarks (...) the importance of History and present time to the firts one, as the central focus of philosophic interest, as much in Being and Time, as in a subsequente period when the political compromise of the philosopher with the renewal of Germany spreads to an ontological dimension. Transposed to this dimension the question of technic leads to four paradoxes that change this same question into one aporia. (shrink)

Merleau-Ponty, já ligado, em A fenomenologia da percepção, ao Lebenswelt do último Husserl e ao ser-no-mundo de Heidegger, procurará manter com a ontologia deste, em sua última e inacabada obra O visível e o invisível, mais estreita ligação, mormente em trono da questão da linguagem. Não obstante com a generalidade da noção de carne, aplicada à Natureza, e também ao corpo humano, enquanto fundante de novo Cogito, uma categoria que repele a antecedência do Dasein, sem o qual não haverá mundo (...) atual.Merleau-Ponty, already connected in The Phenomenology of Perception, to the Lebenswelt of the late Husserl and the Being - in - the - World of Heidegger, seeks to closely maintain his ontology in his final and unfinished work The Visible and the Invisible, principally in terms of the question of language. Nonetheless, there is the generality of the notion of flesh, applied to Nature, as well as to the human body, as the basis for the new Cogito, a category that repels the precedence of Dasein, without which there would be no world. (shrink)

In developing a theory of consciousness, one of the main problems has to do with determining what distinguishes conscious states from non-conscious ones—the delimitation problem. This paper explores the possibility of solving this problem in terms of self-awareness. That self-awareness is essential to understanding the nature of our conscious experience is perhaps the most widely discussed hypothesis in the study of consciousness throughout the history of philosophy. Its plausibility hinges on how the notion of self-awareness is unpacked. The idea that (...) consciousness involves self-awareness has been understood in two different ways: either as awareness of oneself—the subject of experience—or as awareness of the conscious episode itself. In this paper I argue (i) that every experience concerns the subject in a very specific way, involving what I will call ‘perspectival de se representation’, and (ii) that there is no need to appeal to the experience itself in order to characterize the awareness within that experience. The view I articulate explains the subjective nature of experience without over-intellectualizing it, accommodates the phenomenology of experience, and dispels any doubt about the need to find the self in introspection. (shrink)

It is often claimed that a minimal form of self-awareness is constitutive of our conscious experience. Some have considered that such a claim is plausible for our ordinary experiences but false when considered unrestrictedly on the basis of the empirical evidence from altered states. In this paper I want to reject such a reasoning. This requires, first, a proper understanding of a minimal form of self-awareness – one that makes it plausible that minimal self-awareness is part of our ordinary experiences. (...) I will argue that it should be understood as Perspectival First-Person Awareness : a non-conceptual identification-free self-attribution that defines the first-person perspective for our conscious experience. I will offer a detailed characterization of PFP-Awareness in semantic and epistemological terms. With this tool in hand, I will review the empirical literature on altered states. I will focus on psychedelics, meditation and dreams, as they have been claimed to present the clearest cases in favor of a radical disruption of self-awareness. I will show that the rejection of the idea that minimal self-awareness is constitutive of our experience on the basis of this evidence is unfounded, for two main reasons. First, although there are good grounds to think that some forms of self-awareness that typically accompany our ordinary experiences are compromised, they do not support the claim that PFP-Awareness is absent. Secondly, the reports that could make us think of a radical disruption of self-awareness are most probably due to a confirmation bias – and hence we should mistrust them – derived from the expectations and metaphysical views of their subjects. (shrink)

Resumo A entrada dos cristãos e cristãs na luta política de libertação dos pobres e excluídos é a grande novidade da(s) Igreja(s) na América Latina e no Caribe. Com base em Medellín (1968), por meio de uma recepção criativa do Concílio Vaticano II, a vivência e a compreensão da fé cristã têm experimentado uma nova dinâmica. As comunidades eclesiais de base (CEBs) e a Teologia da Libertação favorecem um novo modo de se assumir o compromisso social visando à construção de (...) uma sociedade diferente, pautada na justiça e na solidariedade. Compreende-se que entre evangelização e libertação há laços muito fortes. A obra de evangelização não pode negligenciar os graves problemas que afetam a vida das pessoas e da natureza: desemprego, exclusão social, violência, devastação da natureza. Os cristãos e cristãs são chamados para contribuir na transformação da sociedade, a partir de sua fé e de sua prática pastoral. Essa contribuição visa colaborar na construção de um projeto de nação que se aproxime dos valores explicitados nas lutas populares. Isso requer o uso de instrumentos capazes de proporcionar a participação cidadã na busca de uma sociedade justa, fraterna, solidária e respeitadora da vida das pessoas e da natureza. Palavras-chave: Evangelização; Libertação; Democracia; Movimentos populares; Prática social; Projeto de nação.The participation of Christian men and women in the political fight to free the poor and excluded is the great news in the Church(es) in Latin America and the Caribbean. After Medellín (1968), with a creative reception from Vatican Council II, the experience and understanding of Christian faith has acquired a new dynamics. Basic ecclesial communities (BECs) and the Theology of Liberation favor a new way of being socially committed to the construction of a different society, inspired by justice and solidarity. It is clear that solid bonds connect evangelization and liberation. The work of evangelization cannot neglect serious problems that affect people's life and nature: unemployment, social exclusion, violence, devastation of the environment. Christian men and women are invited to offer their contribution to the transformation of society based on faith and pastoral practice. It will contribute to the construction of a nation project in harmony with the values of popular fights, which requires the use of instruments capable of fostering the citizens' participation in search of a just and fraternal society that respects people's life and nature. Key words: Evangelization; Liberation; Democracy; Popular movements; Social practice; Project of a nation. (shrink)

Este livro reúne parte da obra ensaística de Benedito Nunes, um dos responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento da Filosofia no Brasil. Abrangendo resenhas críticas de recepção do existencialismo e do estruturalismo, publicadas na década de 1960, esta coletânea, arquitetada por Victor Sales Pinheiro, acompanha momentos culminantes do pensamento hermenêutico do autor, marcado pela interlocução com as filosofias de Hegel, Husserl, Heidegger, Sartre, Foucault e Ricoeur.

We examine conceptual and methodological problems that arise in the course of the scientific study of possible influences of religious belief on the experience of physical pain. We start by attempting to identify a notion of religious belief that might enter into interesting psychological generalizations involving both religious belief and pain. We argue that it may be useful to think of religious belief as a complex dispositional property that relates believers to a sufficiently thick belief system that encompasses both cognitive (...) and non-cognitive elements. Such a conception of religious belief is more likely to correlate with psychological properties of believers that are both sufficiently shared and sufficiently unique to distinguish their psychology from believers in another religion or from non-believers. If the dispositional psychological property that constitutes religious belief does influence pain, then our analysis suggests that it doesn’t do so directly but rather through one of its occurrent manifestations. We offer a taxonomy of the different ways in which occurrent states of belief or experience may interact with physical pain, and we try to identify those that are more interesting or promising. We then proceed to employ the conceptual framework we developed to some of the existing evidence about the neural and psychological correlates of religious belief and experience, and about the cognitive modulation of physical pain. Finally we turn to analyse two experiments that directly investigated the relation between religious belief and pain. We draw attention to the limitations of existing evidence and end by suggesting directions for future conceptual and empirical inquiry. (shrink)

Em treze ensaios, o pensamento brilhante de um dos mais importantes filósofos brasileiros da atualidade.

Despite the emergence of computer games as a dominant cultural industry, we know little or nothing about the ethics of computer games. Considerations of the morality of computer games seldom go beyond intermittent portrayals of them in the mass media as training devices for teenage serial killers. In this first scholarly exploration of the subject, Miguel Sicart addresses broader issues about the ethics of games, the ethics of playing the games, and the ethical responsibilities of game designers. He argues (...) that computer games are ethical objects, that computer game players are ethical agents, and that the ethics of computer games should be seen as a complex network of responsibilities and moral duties. Players should not be considered passive amoral creatures; they reflect, relate, and create with ethical minds. The games they play are ethical systems, with rules that create gameworlds with values at play. Drawing on concepts from philosophy and game studies, Sicart proposes a framework for analyzing the ethics of computer games as both designed objects and player experiences. After presenting his core theoretical arguments and offering a general theory for understanding computer game ethics, Sicart offers case studies examining single-player games, multiplayer games, and online gameworlds from an ethical perspective. He explores issues raised by unethical content in computer games and its possible effect on players and offers a synthesis of design theory and ethics that could be used as both analytical tool and inspiration in the creation of ethical gameplay. (shrink)

Written by pioneers in the field, this practical book presents an authoritative yet accessible overview of the methods and applications of causal inference. The text provides a thorough introduction to the basics of the theory for non-time-varying treatments and the generalization to complex longitudinal data.

Neglected diseases are severe conditions that mainly affect the world's poorest people. Those suffering from neglected diseases are mostly suffering from tropical infections that have failed to receive priority in pharmaceutical research and development programs, as well as in public health policies aimed at improving availability and access to preventive, diagnostic and curative medicine. The World Health Organization has issued a number of documents directing attention to the plight affecting one third of the world's population, assisted by active support from (...) private organizations, notably the Bill and Melissa Gates Foundation, but the overall situation remains dismal. In the wake of major socioeconomic processes including globalization, steadily growing economic disparity, healthcare inequality, the instability created by rogue states and terrorism, as well as massive migration, and epidemic outbreaks, the features of neglected diseases have been changing. Neglected populations affected by tropical diseases are suffering increasingly from non-infectious degenerative conditions and disabilities due to untreated chronic maladies. Pockets of poverty and neglect can also be detected in high-income countries, contributing to the emergence of new diseases and the reemergence of infections believed to be disappearing such as tuberculosis and the measles. Included in the issues of neglect are rare diseases, mostly of genetic origin, affecting a small number of patients that suffer from multiple life-shortening functional impairment and organ defects. Effective medicines are extremely expensive, allegedly because research and development of appropriate drugs is resources and time consuming, requiring exorbitant prices to recoup investment from a small number of consumers. Bioethics has been tardy in addressing the suffering and destitution of neglected and rare diseases. Convinced that permanently repeated denunciations blunt the sensitivity towards suffering, whereas statistics are bloodless and unable to elicit commitment, this book attempts to explore a different strategy. In an upstream approach, bioethics needs to engage in ethnographic fieldwork that confronts and shares the context in which people suffer, vividly presenting what epidemiological research has blunted into statistical data. Additionally, a downstream approach is suggested, requiring bioethics to vigorously and openly denounce unethical biomedical and pharmaceutical research, misdeeds in registration and marketing of drugs, and misalignment of policies with the unmet healthcare needs of the destitute. More than being critical observers, bioethicists ought to shed lurking conflicts of interests and seek active participation in planning research and public healthcare practices aimed at improving the lives of medically neglected populations. (shrink)

Why computer games can be ethical, how players use their ethical values in gameplay, and the implications for game design.

Este estudo tem como finalidade analisar a perspectiva da arte como parte do aparato de dominação social, desenvolvida na obra A ideologia da sociedade industrial, de Herbert Marcuse. Para isso, utilizaremos como referência constante as teorias propostas pelos filósofos da Escola de Frankfurt, em especial Theodor W. Adorno e Max Horkheimer no que diz respeito, sobretudo, ao termo “indústria cultural”, cujo conceito aparece no capítulo homônimo de A dialética do esclarecimento. Apoiaremo-nos também na tese de doutorado de Imaculada Kangussu, intitulada (...) Leis da liberdade: as relações entre Estética e Política na Filosofia de Herbert Marcuse, e, ainda, nas demais obras marcuseanas, com destaque para Eros e Civilização: uma interpretação filosófica do pensamento de Freud. (shrink)

How computer games can be designed to create ethically relevant experiences for players. Today's blockbuster video games—and their never-ending sequels, sagas, and reboots—provide plenty of excitement in high-resolution but for the most part fail to engage a player's moral imagination. In Beyond Choices, Miguel Sicart calls for a new generation of video and computer games that are ethically relevant by design. In the 1970s, mainstream films—including The Godfather, Apocalypse Now, Raging Bull, and Taxi Driver—filled theaters but also treated their (...) audiences as thinking beings. Why can't mainstream video games have the same moral and aesthetic impact? Sicart argues that it is time for games to claim their place in the cultural landscape as vehicles for ethical reflection. Sicart looks at games in many manifestations: toys, analog games, computer and video games, interactive fictions, commercial entertainments, and independent releases. Drawing on philosophy, design theory, literary studies, aesthetics, and interviews with game developers, Sicart provides a systematic account of how games can be designed to challenge and enrich our moral lives. After discussing such topics as definition of ethical gameplay and the structure of the game as a designed object, Sicart offers a theory of the design of ethical game play. He also analyzes the ethical aspects of game play in a number of current games, including Spec Ops: The Line, Beautiful Escape: Dungeoneer, Fallout New Vegas, and Anna Anthropy's Dys4Ia. Games are designed to evoke specific emotions; games that engage players ethically, Sicart argues, enable us to explore and express our values through play. (shrink)

A presente obra trata, de forma inigualável, das preliminares ao estudo da teoria tridimensional do direito, examinando a Filosofia e a Ciência do Direito, as dimensões da experiência jurídica, a posição do tridimensionalismo jurídico concreto, a dialética de complementaridade, o personalismo e o historicismo axiológico, as estruturas e os modelos do Direito no processo cultural e a visão integral do mundo jurídico.

Journal of Social Philosophy, EarlyView.

Notas à margem de um estudo de Clovis Bevilaqua; separata da Revista de Faculdade de Direito de São Paulo, ano 1947, pgs. 51 a 96.--A doutrina de Kant nos primórdios de nossa emancipação cultural. O padre Feijó.

Presents advice on how to gain personal freedom by following the wisdom of the Toltecs.

A strikingly original work, Friends of Interpretable Objects re-anchors aesthetics in the object of attention even as it redefines the practice, processes, ...

v. 1. Propedêutica filosófia. v. 2. Ontognoseologia juridica.