Despite their recent proliferation in global agricultural commodity chains, little is known about the potential of intersectoral partnerships to improve the position of smallholder farmers and their organizations. This article explores the potential of partnerships by developing a conceptual approach based on the sustainable livelihoods and linking farmers to market perspectives, which is applied in an exploratory study to six partnerships in the coffee sector in Peru. It is concluded that partnerships stimulate the application of standards to receive market access (...) and therefore emphasize human capital development of farmers to facilitate certification. By transferring knowledge to farmers, partnerships present a new source of technological change, which, in combination with certification, holds potential for improved environmental management and price premiums for producers. However, the emphasis on certification results in a comparatively narrow target group of farmers and is associated with high financial burdens for producer organizations. At the same time, other assets of producer organizations are often not strengthened sufficiently for them to operate successfully without further external support. This suggests that preparing producers for certification is prioritized over empowering organizations toward self-dependence. (shrink)

This Inspirational Guide To An Open, Critical Exchange Between India And The West Is Framed As A Tribute To Dr. Bettina Baumer, An Eminent Scholar Of Indology. Comprising 32 Essays, Segregated Into Three Sections Indian Philosophy And Spirituality, Indian Arts And Aesthetics, And Interreligious And Intercultural Dialogue.

In "Machiavelli’s Art of Politics" Alejandro Bárcenas offers a reexamination of Niccolò Machiavelli’s political thought in order to propose a concise and historically accurate portrayal of his ideas and intellectual context. -/- This study provides a nuanced view of the complexities of Machiavelli’s thought by analyzing his classical background, taking into particular consideration the influence of Xenophon, and his view of the ideal ruler as someone who creates the conditions for a flourishing human life. In addition, Bárcenas explains why Machiavelli (...) defends a republican political order that encourages citizens to live according to their own laws while serving a common good and revises his legacy through the writings of Leo Strauss, Eric Voegelin and Maurizio Viroli. (shrink)

A central issue in postphenomenology is how to explain the multistability of technologies: how can it be that specific technologies can be used for a wide variety of purposes (the “multi”), while not for all purposes (the “stability”)? For example, a table can be used for the purpose of sleeping, having dinner at, or even for staging a fencing match, but not for baking a cake. One explanation offered in the literature is that the (material) design of a technology puts (...) constraints on the purposes for which technologies can be used. In this paper, I argue that such an explanation—while partly correct—fails to address the role of the environment in which human beings operate in putting constraints on technology use. I suggest that James Gibson’s affordance theory helps highlighting how stabilities in technology use arise in the interaction between human being and environment. Building on more recent approaches in affordance theory, I suggest that the environment can be conceptualized as a “rich landscape of affordances” that solicits certain actions, which are not just cued by the environment’s material structure, but also by the normativity present in the form of life in which a human being participates. I briefly contrast the approach to affordances developed in this paper with how Klenk (2020) and Tollon (2021) have conceptualized the “affordance character” of technological artifacts, and highlight how a focus on the situated nature of affordances augments these earlier conceptualizations. (shrink)

Decentring the Avant-Garde presents a collection of articles dealing with the topography of the avant-garde. The focus is on different responses to avant-garde aesthetics in regions traditionally depicted as cultural, geographical and linguistic peripheries. Avant-garde activities in the periphery have to date mostly been described in terms of a passive reception of new artistic trends and currents originating in cultural centres such as Paris or Berlin. Contesting this traditional view, Decentring the Avant-Garde highlights the importance of analysing the avant-garde in (...) the periphery in terms of an active appropriation of avant-garde aesthetics within different cultural, ideological and historical settings. A broad collection of case studies discusses the activities of movements and artists in various regions in Europe and beyond. The result is a new topographical model of the international avant-garde and its cultural practices. (shrink)

La genèse de la vedette de cinéma qu’effectue Walter Benjamin au chapitre 10 de L’Œuvre d’art à l’époque de sa reproductibilité technique (dernière version, 1939) trouve une résonance politique dans une note de bas de page du même chapitre où la star acquiert un statut analogue au dictateur, quand la technique (de reproduction) de l’œuvre d’art devient elle-même, à travers le cinéma, œuvre d’art. Si les démocraties bourgeoises contiennent, dans leur rapport aux médias de masse, la possibilité de leur basculement (...) dans le fascisme, c’est parce que leurs gouvernants, au même titre que l’acteur de cinéma, deviennent des marchandises, soumises à la loi de la forme équivalente (de la marchandise). L’« esthétisation de la politique » doit dès lors être comprise comme la restitution de l’« aura » et de la « valeur cultuelle » qui l’accompagne, dans et par les conditions qui par définition en constituent la liquidation, à savoir la technique, qui sont l’attribut du pouvoir. Sublimer la marchandise en la présentant sous les espèces de l’œuvre d’art quand celle-ci devient marchandise – ainsi s’institue la star –, et identifier l’homme politique à une œuvre d’art – à une star –, revient à faire de lui l’incarnation du pouvoir : un dictateur. (shrink)

本论文集收有文章20余篇,分为:论毛泽东思想、论美的本质、论创作直觉、论文艺批评等11部分。.

The exhibition ba [does not equal to] b+a explores the question of how a museum's activities--its mechanisms, modes of operation, and logics--are reflected in the works in its collection. On the occasion of MUSA's tenth anniversary, the museum's program of exhibitions and publications takes a self-reflective turn, shedding light on the specific characteristics of Vienna's municipal art collection, whose origins go back to the 1950s, and raising far-reaching questions concerning the museum as an institution. The assumption underlying the exhibition is (...) that the objects in a museum's collection are crucial to its character. They may seem to be innumerable separate pieces--but the museum is more than their mere juxtaposition. "That which is composed of something in such a way that the whole is a unity," Aristotle writes, "is a unity not as an aggregate is a unity, but as a syllable is. The syllable is not the letters, nor is BA the same as B and A; nor is flesh fire and earth." It is only in the interweaving of the individual components, in their layering and inexhaustible potential constellations, that they engender the necessary density that lets us understand, and interact with, the museum as a living archive. (shrink)

kitāb-i 1. Hunar va zibāyī dar naẓar-i mutafakkirān-i Sharq -- kitāb-i 2. Hunar va zibāyī dar naẓar-i mutafakkirān-i Yūnān va Rumī -- kitāb-i 3-4. Hunar va zibāyī dar naẓar-i mutafakkirān-i Masīḥī va Musalmān.

Sur quels critères Malraux a-t-il bâti ses associations d'oeuvre de cultures différentes dans son "Musée imaginaire"? Une question d'actualité à l'heure où les musées mêlent oeuvres occidentales et arts primitifs ou arts contemporains et arts anciens dans une même présentation. Georges Didi-Huberman, philosophe et historien de l'art, enseigne actuellement à l'École des hautes études en sciences sociales de Paris. 0Avec plus d'une trentaine de livres publiés depuis 1982, il est aujourd'hui l'un des théoriciens les plus actifs dans (...) le paysage contemporain des recherches sur l'image. Les conférences de la Chaire du Louvre et le livre qui les accompagne concernent le Musée imaginaire d'André Malraux. Il s'agira d'interroger le travail d'André Malraux sur les illustrations de son Musée imaginaire, travail explicitement inspiré par le Benjamin de la "reproductibilité technique" et de "l'auteur comme producteur. (shrink)

La 4e de couverture indique : "La Condition postmoderne, que Jean-François Lyotard publie en 1979, est très prémonitoire des mutations actuelles qui affectent l'éducation. La fin des " grands récits " qui légitimaient auparavant la production et la transmission du savoir invite à chercher ce qui reste désormais pour donner sens à l'éducation. C'est aussi à ceci que répond l'œuvre lyotardienne : l'état d'enfance, la faiblesse de celui qui ne sait pas encore et qui n'a pour seul recours que la (...) propre faiblesse des langages. Cette double faiblesse articule " l'in-humain ", résistance à une inhumanité productiviste qui dénie l'enfance et réduit les langages à une efficience communicationnelle du plus bas niveau. Rappeler cet état d'enfance, condition de la pensée et de l'apprentissage : tel est ce dont témoignent les arts, l'écriture littéraire ou philosophique, et tel pourrait être ce que toute éducation ne saurait oublier.". (shrink)

En la sociedad cansada de nuestra actualidad el ser humano se ve obligado a poner en práctica estrategias de escape ante la maquinaria productiva del sistema hegemónico. Para ese sujeto extenuado por el imperativo del rendimiento ya no es posible poder más. Ha de aceptar el cansancio como espacio de encuentro y reflexión, y diseñar estrategias para abandonar la libertad obligada de autoexplotación. En el presente estudio abordamos desde el prisma de la estética y el arte contemporáneo la particular maniobra (...) de escape emprendida por el artista neerlandés Bas Jan Ader en su última performance In Search of the Miraculous (1975). Un viaje de absoluta entrega a la naturaleza que culminaría con su definitiva desaparición. (shrink)

Este artigo apresenta uma análise sobre o currículo da escola no campo e as relações étnico-raciais no município de Amargosa-Ba, município localizado no território de identidade do Vale do Jiquiriçá. O lócus da pesquisa foi a escola municipal Margarida Maria Alves. As análises foram realizadas por meio da leitura do Projeto Político-Pedagógico e dos Planos de Ensino dos professores das disciplinas de Língua Portuguesa, História, Ciências e Artes. Os documentos curriculares analisados apontam indícios de que a educação no campo do (...) município está sendo trabalhada com o paradigma da educação no campo funcional, porque reconhece as diferenças, todavia, o município ainda adota nas escolas do campo um currículo urbano. Algumas ações inseridas no plano de ensino dos professores indicam que os conteúdos referentes às relações étnico-raciais, estão presentes no cotidiano da escola, ainda que de forma bem tímida, sobressaindo-se na disciplina de História. (shrink)

r esumo: Minha proposta é perguntar-me em que sentido a Enciclopédia é um dicionário racional das ciências, artes e ofícios. Se foram estudados, sobretudo, os dezessete volumes do texto da Enciclopédia para conhecer o estado do conhecimento no século XVIII, as ilustrações constituem um terreno de estudos muito mais abandonado e suscitam principalmente um interesse estético. Ainda, essas ilustrações tiveram um papel de primordial importância na realização da Enciclopédia. Elas tiveram um papel essencial, como tentarei mostrá-lo através do exemplo do (...) ofício de tecelagem de meias, na transmissão das técnicas. Para começar, gostaria de lembrar a história tumultuosa da edição da Enciclopédia e a maneira que Diderot se serviu das ilustrações para bem conduzir a empreitada enciclopédica. Depois procurarei pensar a Enciclopédia inteira colocando em relação o discurso e as ilustrações, através do exemplo do tratamento em imagem e em texto de um ofício: a tecelagem de meias. a bstract: My purpose is to question in what sense the Encyclopédie is a reasoned dictionary of sciences, arts and trades. The seventeen texts’ tomes of the Encyclopédie have been the object of several researches for understanding the state of knowledge in the seventeenth century, but the eleven plates’ tomes have not been so studied and have been seen more as an object of esthetical fascination than as an object of researches. Nevertheless, the plates played a great role in the making of the Encyclopédie. The plates were an essential medium to hand down technical knowledge. To begin with, I am going to tell the story of the tumultuous edition of the Encyclopédie and the way Diderot used the plates in order to manage well the encyclopaedic enterprise. Then I shall give an example to show how the text and the plates can be connected: the stockings weaving. (shrink)

It is said that reality is stronger than any description we can make of it, and we must admit that atrocities, when we see them, go beyond any idea we may have had of them. On the other hand, when it is a question of values and beliefs, the contrary is true: reality is much less than its representation and the ideas it professes. This loss of energy is called indifference. Madame Bovary believed that in Naples happiness was as firmly (...) rooted as the orange trees and as strong as stone. The wisdom of nations knows that that is not the case: “We hope for Paradise but as late as possible,” affirms a Christian proverb. This indifference poses a problem or an entire series of problems (Georg Simmel's work could be considered from that point of view) unless it arises from all our errors, spontaneous or scientific, concerning man and society. I do not know where I read, or dreamed, the story of a young ethnologist who went to study a tribe that was said to believe that the world would come to an end if the priests let the sacred fire go out. He assumed that the priests were as anxious as though they controlled the detonator of an atomic bomb. Admitted into the temple of the fire, he saw the peaceful religious going about routine tasks. Reality is rarely emphatic. Rites and customs, for example, reflect the beliefs of a society. Paintings and sculptures show what the society believes or serve to make it believe what it sees. Sculpture in cathedrals were the bible of the illiterate. Is that really certain? We notice that most often people perform the rites without believing in their significance and, in any case, without interest in them, because the liturgy is not a means of communication giving information. They do not look at the images. (How many Parisians have looked at the Napoleonic bas-reliefs on the Vendôme column?) and if they tried to do so, they would not be able to decipher their iconography or even see them: placed too high, the images are often undecipherable. So it is necessary to sketch out a sociology of art in which the art work, far from conveying an iconography and an ideology, is a decor that we do not even look at, that we can hardly see and that is however very important. The study of all these insufficiencies would be a vast program. Here we will confine ourselves to art. (shrink)

El hombre crea su moral tomando en cuenta las aportaciones más íntimas de su espíritu. Así como la historia de la humanidad presenta una serie gradual y emocional de conquistas espirituales, así también la moral se ha logrado a través de la historia, pero siempre sobre el fundamento de la esencia humana, pues no cabe duda de que la jerarquía de los valores depende de cada ser humano. Ella orienta toda su conducta y señala sus grandes metas. El espíritu religioso (...) coloca, en primer término, a los valores de la religión, el moralista a los éticos, el pragmático a los útiles; el estético a las bellas artes, dando preferencia cada una a su valor favorito. (shrink)

Metaphysicians speak of laws of nature in terms of necessity and universality; scientists, in terms of symmetry and invariance. In this book van Fraassen argues that no metaphysical account of laws can succeed. He analyzes and rejects the arguments that there are laws of nature, or that we must believe there are, and argues that we should disregard the idea of law as an adequate clue to science. After exploring what this means for general epistemology, the author develops the empiricist (...) view of science as a construction of models to represent the phenomena. (shrink)

First published in 1999. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Prophets, Pre-Islamic; conduct of life; early works to 1800.