Si les historiens ont étudié les émotions des premiers groupes protestants, dont les puritains, ils ne se sont pas demandé s’il pouvait y avoir des différences dans les émotions exprimées et ressenties par les hommes et les femmes appartenant à des congrégations puritaines. Cet article analyse une série de confessions consignées dans les années 1648-1649 par Thomas Shepard, qui était à la tête de l’église puritaine de Cambridge, dans le Massachusetts. Trois approches différentes sont utilisées. La première étudie les « (...) émotions basiques », la seconde examine les émotions telles que les puritains les envisageaient eux-mêmes et la troisième s’intéresse aux émotions dans le contexte de la « pratique », c’est-à-dire dans le cadre de comportements habituels. L’article démontre qu’il y avait bel et bien des différences de genre dans la vie émotionnelle de ces femmes et de ces hommes de Cambridge. (shrink)

_Tracing the story of anger from the Buddha to Twitter, Rosenwein provides a much-needed account of our changing and contradictory understandings of this emotion_ All of us think we know when we are angry, and we are sure we can recognize anger in others as well. But this is only superficially true. We see anger through lenses colored by what we know, experience, and learn. Barbara H. Rosenwein traces our many conflicting ideas about and expressions of anger, taking the story (...) from the Buddha to our own time, from anger’s complete rejection to its warm reception. Rosenwein explores how anger has been characterized by gender and race, why it has been tied to violence and how that is often a false connection, how it has figured among the seven deadly sins and yet is considered a virtue, and how its interpretation, once largely the preserve of philosophers and theologians, has been gradually handed over to scientists—with very mixed results. Rosenwein shows that the _history _of anger can help us grapple with it today. (shrink)

An exploration of emotional life in the West, considering the varieties, transformations and constants of human emotions over eleven centuries.

In a pioneering study Georges Duby showed how the system of justice that had prevailed in the Carolingian era ceased to function in the Mâconnais of the tenth century. His observations about the breakdown of public institutions opened up a new field of research, for they suggested the development in the tenth century of a unique set of judicial institutions and practices, different in kind from the traditional public order of the Roman and Roman-influenced Carolingian worlds. This was an important (...) change, and a number of scholars turned their attention to the developments described by Duby. (shrink)

Berengar was one of the kinglets bewailed by Regino of Prüm as a ruler spewed forth from the very “bowels” of his region in 888. His material resources were limited, his base of operations confined. To his far south were the dukes of Spoleto, whence came his rival kings of Italy Wido and Lambertus. To the far north, in eastern Francia and the new Kingdom of Provence, other rivals awaited their chances: first Arnulf of Carinthia, then Louis of Provence, eventually (...) Rudolf of Burgundy. Hungarians, driven from their homeland by Byzantine-sponsored Pechenegs, began to launch raiding expeditions into northern Italy at the end of the ninth century. Local magnates, such as the Supponids at Parma, and the Anscarii, Piedmontese marcher lords, shifted their support from one rival to an-other, enriching themselves all the while. (shrink)