In the midst of the global financial crisis and in the ‘anti-race era’, Europe has witnessed a revival of deeply racialized discourses targeting the Roma, leading to new discriminatory practices and legitimating existing ones in many social domains. While westward Roma immigration has spurred these discourses, it has also favored the emergence of invisible grassroots reactions against them that need to be further analyzed. Drawing on interviews with migrant Romani women, this article aims to shed light on these unknown processes, (...) as experienced by women in Romani women-based solidarity networks. Data show that these networks help the women to access basic social facilities, while also challenging the abovementioned racialized discourses. (shrink)

Se exponen las prácticas docentes de las educadoras de párvulos, que cumplen una función reproductora del nacionalismo que es internalizado en las niñas y niños como la ciudadanía chilena. Para ello, configuran un escenario lúdico que ritualiza la conducta cívica y patriótica, por medio de conmemoraciones cívicas fundadas en el belicismo de la guerra del Pacífico, sin considerar la realidad cosmopolita y de diversidad cultural presente en las aulas nortinas. A partir de esto, proponemos una nueva perspectiva respecto de la (...) realización de actos cívicos en la educación parvularia, para hacerlos más inclusivos y acordes a la realidad cultural de la región de Tarapacá, la más multicultural de Chile. This paper describes the teaching practices of pre-school teachers who play a reproductive role of nationalism internalized in children as Chilean citizenships. This happens as the result of a ludic scenario that ritualizes civic and patriotic conduct, through civic commemorations based on the Pacific war, regardless both the cosmopolitan reality and cultural diversity present in classrooms in the Northern part of Chile. Considering this, we propose a new perspective on conducting civic events in early childhood education, to make them more inclusive and consistent with the cultural reality of the region of Tarapacá, Chile's most multicultural region. (shrink)

The general fact of the impossibility of a bivalent, truth-functional semantics for the propositional structures determined by quantum mechanics should be more subtly demarcated according to whether the structures are taken to be orthomodular latticesP L or partial-Boolean algebrasP A; according to whether the semantic mappings are required to be truth-functional or truth-functional ; and according to whether two-or-higher dimensional Hilbert spaceP structures or three-or-higher dimensional Hilbert spaceP structures are being considered. If the quantumP structures are taken to be orthomodular (...) latticesP L, then bivalent mappings which preserve the operations and relations of aP L must be truth-functional . Then as suggested by von Neumann and Jauch-Piron and as proven in this paper, the mere presence of incompatible elements in aP L is sufficient to rule out any semantical or hidden-variable proposal which imposes this strong condition, for anytwo-or-higher dimensional Hilbert spaceP L structure. Thus from the orthomodular lattice perspective, the peculiarly non-classical feature of quantum mechanics and the peculiarly non-Boolean feature of the quantum propositional structures is the existence of incompatible magnitudes and propositions. However, the weaker truth-functionality condition can instead be imposed upon the semantic or hidden-variable mappings on theP L structures, although such mappings ignore the lattice meets and joins of incompatibles and preserve only the partial-Boolean algebra structural features of theP L structures. Or alternatively, the quantum propositional structures can be taken to be partial-Boolean algebrasP A, where bivalent mappings which preserve the operations and relations of aP A need only be truth-functional (c). In either case, the Gleason, Kochen-Specker proofs show that any semantical or hidden variable proposal which imposes this truth-functionality (c) condition is impossible for anythree-or-higher dimensional Hilbert spaceP A orP L structures. But such semantical or hidden-variable proposals are possible for any two dimensional Hilbert spaceP A orP L structures, in spite of the presence of incompatibles in these structures, in spite of the fact that Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle applies to the incompatible elements in these structures, and in spite of the fact that these structures are non-Boolean in the Piron sense. (shrink)

The final portion of the thesis surveys proposals for the introduction of hidden variables into quantum mechanics, proofs of the impossibility of such hidden-variable proposals, and criticisms of these impossibility proofs. And arguments in favour of the partial-Boolean algebra, rather than the orthomodular lattice, formalization of the quantum propositional structures are reviewed. ;As for , each quantum state-induced expectation-function on a P truth-functionally assigns 1 and 0 values to the elements in a ultrafilter and dual ultraideal of P, where in (...) general the union of an ultrafilter and its dual ultraideal is smaller than the entire structure. Thus it is argued that each expectation-function is the quantum analog of a classical semantic mapping, even though the domain where each expectation-function is bivalent and truth-functional is usually a non-Boolean substructure of P. ;In classical propositional logic, propositions form a Boolean algebra, and each semantic mapping assigns the value 1 to the members of a certain subset of the algebra, namely, an ultrafilter, and assigns 0 to the members of the dual ultraideal, where the union of these two subsets is the entire algebra. The propositional structures of classical mechanics are likewise Boolean algebras, so one can straightforwardly provide a classical semantics, which also satisfies . However, quantum propositional structures are non-Boolean, so it is an open question whether a semantics satisfying , and can be provided. ;Von Neumann first proposed that the algebraic structures of the subspaces of Hilbert space be regarded as the propositional structures P of quantum mechanics. These structures have been formalized in two ways: as orthomodular lattices which have the binary operations "and", "or", defined among all elements, compatible and incompatible ; and as partial-Boolean algebras which have the binary operations defined among only compatible elements. In the thesis, two basic senses in which these structures are non-Boolean are discriminated. And two notions of truth-functionality are distinguished: truth-functionality ,) applicable to the Plattices; and truth-functionality ) applicable to both the Plattices and partial-Boolean algebras. Then it is shown how the lattice definitions of "and", "or", among incompatibles rule out a bivalent, truth-functional ,) semantics for any PQM lattice containing incompatible elements. In contrast, the Gleason and Kochen-Specker proofs of the impossibility of hidden-variables for quantum mechanics show the impossibility of a bivalent, truth-functional ) semantics for three-or-higher dimensional Hilbert space PQM structures; and the presence of incompatible elements is necessary but is not sufficient to rule out such a semantics. ;The thesis investigates the possibility of a classical semantics for quantum propositional structures. A classical semantics is defined as a set of mappings each of which is bivalent, i.e., the value 1 or 0 is assigned to each proposition, and truth-functional, i.e., the logical operations are preserved. In addition, this set must be "full", i.e., any pair of distinct propositions is assigned different values by some mapping in the set. When the propositions make assertions about the properties of classical or of quantum systems, the mappings should also be "state-induced", i.e., values assigned by the semantics should accord with values assigned by classical or by quantum mechanics. (shrink)

Est e trabaj o pretend e mostra r l a actualida d y necesida d d e l a crític a feminist a a u n derecho qu e h a inco r porad o y a política s antidiscriminatorias . Aunqu e desd e e l feminism o s e h a yan denunciand o repetidament e dete r minada s dinámica s jurídica s perjudiciale s par a la s mujeres , est e a r tícul o trat (...) a d e ilustra r mediant e resolucione s judiciale s actuales , qu e l a m a y o r pa r t e d e la s funcione s d e u n análisi s feminist a de l derech o n o s e ha n agotad o tod a vía . Las sentencia s analizada s muestra n cóm o e l derech o pena l y l a aplicació n qu e d e ést e hacen lo s tribunale s sigu e siend o masculina , cóm o e n la s decisione s sobr e l a atribució n d e la custodi a d e lo s hijo s comune s e n caso s d e separació n y d iv orci o continúa n jugand o un pape l centra l cie r to s estereotipo s femenino s y cóm o e n l a aplicació n d e lo s delito s contra l a libe r ta d s e xua l sigu e dándos e poc o crédit o a l a palabr a d e la s mujere s víctimas. (shrink)

Currently, the concept of engagement is crucial in the field of learning and school achievement. It is a multidimensional concept (e.g., behavioral, emotional, and cognitive dimensions) that has been widely used as a theoretical framework to explain the processes of school engagement and dropout. However, this conceptual framework has been scarcely used in the field of homework. The aim of the present study was to analyze the role of intrinsic motivation, perceived homework utility, and personal homework attitude as precursors of (...) student homework engagement (behavioral engagement) and, at the same time, how such engagement is the precursor of academic achievement. Seven hundred and thirty students of Compulsory Secondary Education (7th to 10th grade) from fourteen schools northern Spain participated. A structural equation model was elaborated on which intrinsic motivation, perceived utility and attitude were observed variables, and student engagement (time spent on homework, time management, and amount of teacher-assigned homework done) and academic achievement (Mathematics, Spanish Language, English Language, Social Science) were latent variables. The results reveal that (i) intrinsic motivation is a powerful precursor of student behavioral engagement (also perceived utility and attitude, although to a lesser extent) and (ii) academic achievement is closely linked to the level of student engagement, qualifying the results of many of the previous studies conducted from a task-centered perspective (as opposed to a person-centered perspective). (shrink)

Philosophizing the Americas establishes the field of inter-American philosophy. Bringing together contributors who work in Africana Philosophy, Afro-Caribbean philosophy, Latin American philosophy, Afro-Latin philosophy, decolonial theory, and African American philosophy, the volume examines the full range of traditions that have, separately and in conversation with each other, worked through how philosophy in both establishes itself in the Americas and engages with the world from which it emerges. The book traces a range of questions, from the history of philosophy in the (...) Americas to philosophical questions of race, feminism, racial eliminativism, creolization, epistemology, coloniality, aesthetics, and literature. The essays place an impressive range of philosophical traditions and figures into dialogue with one another: some familiar, such as José Martí, Sylvia Wynter, Martin R. Delany, José Vasconcelos, Alain Locke, as well as such less familiar thinkers as Arturo Alfonso Schomburg, Hilda Hilst, and George Lamming. In each chapter, the contributors find fascinating and productive matrices of tension or convergence in works throughout the Americas. The result is an original and important contribution to knowledge that introduces readers from various disciplines to unfamiliar yet compelling ideas and considers familiar texts from novel and prescient perspectives. Philosophizing the Americas stands alone as a representation of current scholarly debates in the field of inter-American philosophy. Contributors: Stephanie Rivera Berruz, Jacoby Adeshei Carter, Nadia Celis, Tommy J. Curry, Hernando A. Estévez, Daniel Fryer, James B. Haile III, Chike Jeffers, Lee A. McBride III, Michael Monahan, Adriana Novoa, Susana Nuccetelli, Andrea J. Pitts, Dwayne A. Tunstall, and Alejandro A. Vallega. (shrink)

In this paper we consider one-to-many matching problems where the preferences of the agents involved are represented by monetary reward functions. We characterize Pareto optimal matchings by means of contractual exchange stability and matchings of maximum total reward by means of compensational exchange stability. To conclude, we show that in going from an initial matching to a matching of maximum total reward, one can always provide a compensation schedule that will be ex-post stable in the sense that there will be (...) no subset of agents who can all by deviation obtain a higher reward. The proof of this result uses the fact that the core of an associated compensation matching game with constraints is nonempty. (shrink)

Em Oliva o universal perde toda a consistência ontológica. O que existe de fato são os seres singulares. O universal é um produto da re-presentação humana que, através das "razões reais', compreende o individual de forma universal. Entre o mundo da realidade individual e o mundo da universalidade inteligida e expressa pela linguagem, há uma distância muito maior do que supunham seus antecessores.

In “The Law of Peoples,” John Rawls proposes a model for multi-culural dialogue based upon agreement. In liberal societies, we find agreement on issues such as human rights. However, I argue here that this proposal overcomes neither Eurocentrism nor Western-centrism, as liberal nations would decide which nations are “well organized hierarchical societies.” This second circle of nations would be merely invited peoples, who would not be allowed to contribute new proposals but only to accept the proposals of the liberal nations. (...) I propose a model for attaining human rights through truly universal dialogue in which the representatives of all peoples are able to speak, make proposals, and accept the proposals of others on an equal basis. (shrink)

El tema monográfico de este número es el de la mirada desde el descentramiento, desde lugares y espacios que no son los habituales, que se sitúan en los márgenes. Se presentan fragmentos de visiones de los excluídos, de los marginados y “condenados de la tierra”; así como pensamientos y formas de acción rebeldes que rechazan toda forma de coerción social. Otros están escritos desde la “anormalidad”; desde los estigmatizados por su condición física o el carácter de su labor. Se hacen (...) presentes.. (shrink)

En el primer número, iniciamos el análisis de diversas temáticas que siendo relativamente delimitadas y específicas, están relacionadas entre sí: universidad y sociedad; el debate sobre el conocimiento científico; el análisis de la sociedad contemporánea; el estudio de la modernización neoliberal en América Latina; la búsqueda de nuevas alternativas y propuestas en el ámbito social, y de nuevas formas de desarrollo; las concepciones educacionales; la teoría psicológica; las transformaciones y..

A través de un viaje histórico sobre el rol del Estado y la sociedad civil, el autor postula que las organizaciones y los movimientos sociales en el Estado postautoritario, debido a la radical modernización neoliberal de y un sistema político de democracia tutelada no tienen espacio social para tener una voz política. El Estado las acepta constreñidas a determinadas funciones, pero no estimula ni favorece su desarrollo autónomo. Frente a esto, las organizaciones deben optar entre someterse a dicho rol, o (...) buscar un desarrollo autónomo con todos las dificultades y riesgos que ello implica. (shrink)

Sostiene el autor que las privatizaciones continúan siendo un tema central de la política latinoamericana, y que los mismos argumentos sobre su eficiencia y necesidad se repiten en todos sus países. Denuncia esto como una dependencia de las elites gobernantes latinoamericanas a “los requerimientos de la globalización”, y agrega que este no es sólo un tema ideológico, pues las privatizaciones permiten comprar a bajo precio empresas de alta rentabilidad. Analiza luego la historia de la irrupción en Chile de las privatizaciones, (...) y sus consecuencias para la economía nacional, argumentando que éstas constituyeron un instrumento fundamental del cambio de manos del poder tras el golpe de Estado de 1973, y que desde 1990 han sido una de las principales bases de lo que define como una democracia neoliberal. (shrink)

Indudablemente, Franz Hinkelammert es uno de los investigadores sociales más importantes de América Latina. Esto se manifiesta no sólo en la difusión de su obra, la publicación de sus libros en Europa y en nuestro continente, sino también en el creciente reconocimiento de sus aportes por importantes investigadores, científicos sociales, teólogos críticos y filósofos latinoamericanos. Es así, por ejemplo, que Enrique Dussel, Leonardo Boeff, Raúl Fornet-Betancourt, Gustavo Gutierrez y otros des..

Este ensayo busca mostrar la relevancia teórica, política y ética de la contribución realizada por Franz Hinkelammert a la crítica a la teoría neoliberal. Para ello, parte recorriendo algunos aspectos de la situación intelectual de los ochenta cuando el neoliberalismo fue introducido en América Latina, a continuación ofrece una caracterización general de la crítica latinoamericana al neoliberalismo, y finalmente expone algunos de los temas centrales de la contribución de Hinkelammert a dicha crítica, destacando que el centro de su refutación al (...) neoliberalismo está referida a su teoría económica. Destaca el artículo que los neoliberales han sacralizado el mercado confiriéndole los mismos atributos que la teología cristiana confiere a Dios, y que paradójicamente lo central a esta ideología es su radical antihumanismo, y su carácter de totalitarismo mercantil. (shrink)

Frente a la escasa presencia del tema del estado de derecho en el pensamiento crítico latinoamericano en contraste a los de revolución, cambio social, emancipación, justicia social, democracia y derechos humanos, el autor propone la importancia de este tema en tanto la invocación al estado de derecho ha sido el mito cuasi-religioso conservador en América Latina que ha justificado la represión e incluso los golpes de estado. Por ello el artículo recoge la teoría política de Hayek, de quien sólo se (...) había enfatizado el aspecto del cambio de las concepciones económicas, escamoteando su influencia en el ámbito jurídico-político y en el de la teoría democrática. Tras ello recorre la crítica de Hinkelammert al pensamiento neoliberal. (shrink)

El presente artículo se sostiene que la teoría neoliberal pretende ser una interpretación verdadera de la realidad humana y social, pero a su vez contiene una utopía -en el sentido de un proyecto irrealizable, aún cuando todos estuvieran de acuerdo en intentar ponerlo en práctica; todo esto en un contexto intelectual donde tiene significativa presencia la tesis del fin de los metarelatos y de las utopías. Paradójicamente, postula el autor, la teoría neoliberal cumple las funciones de una ideología y una (...) utopía, y hasta intenta responder a las principales preguntas sobre el hombre, la libertad, el sentido de la vida humana, la sociedad y sus instituciones. El artículo recorre su historia y presenta las teorías críticas a este pensamiento, y concluye mostrando el carácter político de la utopía neoliberal. (shrink)

Este libro es una singular combinación de amplitud de visiones, profundidad de análisis, precisión en los argumentos y sincronización con temas y problemas de la contingencia. El texto se desarrolla entre márgenes amplios, desde la crítica de ideas y el análisis filosófico a la comprensión de un fenómeno histórico y la lectura del presente. Consta de tres partes, precedidas de unas «consideraciones preliminares» y cerradas con un epílogo, y un apéndice sobre el “caso” Pinochet. El texto permi..

La presente edición de la revista Polis tiene como tema central la(s) ciencia(s), la(s) tecnología(s) y la producción colectiva de saber(es). El desarrollo científico en nuestros países, llegados tardíamente a la revolución industrial, de frustrada y asimétrica industrialización, es claramente insuficiente y aún no han logrado incorporarse a la nueva revolución científico-tecnológica. Simultáneamente, nuestras sociedades se encuentran en un proceso de profundas transformaciones en su sistema..

Nuestra universidad inicia la publicación de su revista Polis. Su nombre deriva de una tradición de pensamiento clásico para la cual la ciudad, y en este caso, la sociedad chilena en conjunto, es el horizonte de nuestra acción como universidad. El hombre es un ser de la ciudad, un ciudadano, decía Aristóteles, significando con ello que comparte su vida con sus connacionales. Y esto implica, que nada de lo que suceda en su ciudad le pueda ser ajeno; y por ello (...) es que no podemos declararnos ind.. (shrink)

“Resistir significa en primer lugar rechazar. Hoy, la insurgencia consiste en ese rechazo que no tiene nada de negativo, que es un acto indispensable, vital “ V. F.Hace ya seis años, en 1997, dos importantes editoriales publicaron en Barcelona, México y Buenos Aires, una traducción al español de El horror económico, y tres años después apareció en nuestra lengua Una extraña dictadura, ambos de la destacada ensayista y novelista francesa Vivianne Forrester. Estas obras se convirtieron en éxit..

In the last decades, interest in the study of the negative consequences of bullying for the victims has increased. Victims are often known to show emotional adjustment issues, such as negative self-concept and low life satisfaction. Moreover, some studies have observed important associations between self-concept and life satisfaction, in which a positive self-concept is related to high levels of life satisfaction. Other studies have pointed out the importance of emotional intelligence, as a regulatory and protective factor against the negative impact (...) of victimization on adjustment in adolescents. The main objective of this work was to analyze the mediating effect of self-concept on life satisfaction and the moderated mediation effect of EI on self-concept and life satisfaction in the context of peer victimization. The participants in the study were 1,318 Spanish students of both sexes and aged between 11 and 18 years, from four compulsory secondary education centers. The results indicated that, on the one hand, self-concept mediated the relationship between victimization and life satisfaction. On the other hand, EI was not only positively associated with self-concept, but it also significantly moderated the negative influence of victimization on self-concept. EI may also indirectly moderate the relationship between victimization and life satisfaction through the self-concept. These data show the importance of EI as a possible protective and moderating factor of the negative effect of bullying on emotional adjustment, which is interesting for the design of future prevention and intervention programs in school contexts. (shrink)

This article highlights two possible unnoticed acrostics in Ovid's Metamorphoses concerning the predictions of Calchas and Helenus.

This article argues that the decision by the Columbian high court to totally ban the advertising and promotion of tobacco products is sound and could indeed be applied to other types of harmful products.

Resumen: El presente artículo pretende analizar el discurso empleado por las voces líricas femeninas de las elegías anglosajonas medievales The Wife’s Lament y Wulf and Eadwacer. Mediante la idea de la conciencia del cuerpo femenino como origen de la écriture féminine propuesta por Luce Irigaray y Hélène Cixous, figuras principales del feminismo de la “diferencia” francés, se determinará que el uso discursivo empleado por las voces elegíacas femeninas diverge en cuanto al utilizado por voces elegíacas masculinas y que, de este (...) modo, supone un medio por el que hallar una identidad femenina propia más allá de los constructos de género patriarcales vigentes en la sociedad anglosajona medieval. Abstract: This article aims to analyse the discourse employed by the female lyrical voices in the medieval Anglo-Saxon elegies The Wife’s Lament and Wulf and Eadwacer. Through the idea of female body self-awareness as the origin of écriture féminine proposed by Luce Irigaray and Hélène Cixous, leading figures in French feminism of the sexual “difference”, we will determine that the discursive use applied by female elegiac voices diverges from that used by male elegiac voices and that, thus, it provides a means to find a female identity beyond the patriarchal gender constructs of medieval Anglo-Saxon society. (shrink)

Se hace un análisis comparativo de los conceptos de ciencia, maestro y discípulo tal como aparecen en el De Magistro de san Agustín y en la cuestión 11, "De Magistro", de la disputación De Veritate de santo Tomás de Aquino. La ciencia agustiniana de las verdades inteligibles y eternas se adquiere por una visión mental del entendimiento y la razón y supone la buena voluntad del sujeto ; la tomista consiste más bien en el conjunto de formas inteligibles adquiridas a (...) partir de un proceso deductivo, lógico-necesario, que se inicia con los primeros principios y axiomas evidentes. Para Agustín, hay sólo un maestro de las verdades inteligibles que se encuentra en el interior de cada alma racional y que se manifiesta sólo al hombre interior o aquel en el que domina la buena voluntad. Para Tomás de Aquino, existen dos maestros: uno principal e interior, que es Dios, y otro secundario y externo, pero también maestro, el cual ayuda al discípulo a adquirir la habilidad y el hábito de deducir verdades a partir de los primeros principios y axiomas evidentes y con él el número de formas inteligibles. Para Agustín todos somos discípulos del único maestro de la Verdad que es Cristo y seremos buenos o malos discípulos de acuerdo con la buena o mala voluntad que lo domine. Para Tomás de Aquino, el discípulo posee a medias las nociones o verdades que va a aprender, es decir, en sus primeros principios o axiomas evidentes y adquirirá con la ayuda importante del maestro a adquirir la habilidad y el hábito de deducir y desplegar las nociones y verdades encerradas en los primeros principios y axiomas evidentes. (shrink)

The purpose of this essay is to underline Heidegger’s intellectual interest and deep relation to Duns Scotus’ modern and close to life thought. At the same time, it is pointed out that Scotus’ fundamental ideas such as haecceity, the cognoscibility of the individual, possibility and contingency, impossibility of thinking without naming, will be retaken and transformed into Heidegger’s parental ideas such as Dasein, Dasein as possibility and project, being as something unveiled, identity of knowledge and language. KEY WORDS – History (...) of Philosophy. Duns Scotus. Heidegger. Transformation of Concepts. (shrink)

The purpose of this essay is to underline Heidegger’s intellectual interestand deep relation to Duns Scotus’ modern and close to life thought. At the same time, it is pointed out that Scotus’ fundamental ideas such as haecceity, the cognoscibility of the individual, possibility and contingency, impossibility of thinking without naming, will be retaken and transformed into Heidegger’s parental ideas such as Dasein, Dasein as possibility and project, being as something unveiled, identity of knowledge and language.

In this article Duns Scotus 'concept of ' heceidad' is looked at, a subject open to discussion. The subject is focussed on his Lectura Oxoniensis, Ordinatio and Reportata Parisiensia.

Duns Scotus, following the saying that "without the phantasma there is no sensible knowledge and without the intelligible species there is no intellection", argues for the need of an active intellect in order to explain the transit from the particular to the universal knowledge. The universal knowledge from experience takes place in two different moments: first, the active intellect, as the main effective cause, together with the common nature in the phantasma, as the co-effective cause, produce the intelligible species, that (...) is, the indeterminate universal in act or the metaphysical universal; second, the passive intellect, as the main effective cause, and the intelligibible species, as the effective instrumental cause, produce the intellection, that is, the full universal or the logic universal, that is a universal concept and name. The full universal or logical universal, is only a concept and a name that can be said of many individuals. It is a second intention that refers, immediately, to the first intention or intelligible species and, indirectly, to the phantasma, the representative of the physical individual. (shrink)