Central conceptual terms, such as ‘culture’, ‘environment’, ‘nature’ and‘landscape’, are far from being neutral scientific objects. They are academic constructions which need to be understood in their emergence across their historic contexts. -/- Moral it is a cultural expression determined by social dominance and historical context, who gives them a sectary character. We need a moral theory that can be universal, trans-temporal and available to light human individual conduct and the human science and their political ideologies, but not considering the (...) man in the zenith of the Life. The Life, with their biodiversity it is in the pinnacle of the complex cosmos evolution but we don’t know if our specie, born in the Earth, is the end of cosmos evolution. For demanding that answer, was born a new ethical perspective, theory built with the meta-ethics principles and applicable to all human activities. -/- Environmental ethics supported by the two principles_ the critical against anthropocentrism and the critical against ethnocentrism, gives a universal answer to the macro moral problems of our era_ environmental, social, economical and political crises, war and mass destructive weapons…and contributes to rebuilt the human activities in all domains of individual and social life; that’s is the cultural landscape, for instance. (shrink)

El turismo no es única y exclusivamente una actividad económica, sino que nunca debemos subestimar esta dimensión primordial, y su creciente importancia es inseparable de algunos de los cambios políticos y sociológicos más profundos que marcaron el siglo 20: el crecimiento de la clase media educada y su movilidad, facilitada por la formidable revolución técnico-científica; institucionalización y ampliación de los derechos democráticos de los ciudadanos; la contención de la guerra; pero también de un cambio aún más radical, el reposicionamiento del (...) Ser Humano en el marco de la Filosofía de la Naturaleza y del Medio Ambiente y de la Ética Ambiental. Se dará especial relevancia al estudio de los impactos positivos de la economía del patrimonio en la actividad turística y sus “externalidades”, que, incluso en tiempos de crisis, representan una inversión segura y altamente reproductiva. (shrink)

Central conceptual terms, such as ‘culture’, ‘environment’, ‘nature’ and ‘landscape’, are far from being neutral scientific objects. They are academic constructions which need to be understood in their emergence across their historic contexts. Morality is a cultural expression determined by social domination and historical context, which gives it a sectary character. We need a moral theory that can be universal, timeless and that is able to guide the individual conduct, science and political ideologies, without considering the man the zenith of (...) Life. Life, with its biodiversity, is only the tip of a complex Cosmos evolution, but we don’t know if our species, bom on planet Earth, are the final link in the Cosmos evolution. To answer all these questions, a new ethical perspective was born, a theory built upon the principles of meta-ethics and applicable to all human activities. Environmental ethics are supported by two principles - the critique against anthropocentrism and the critique against ethnocentrism, giving a universal answer to the macro moral problems of our era - environmental, social, economical and political crisis, war and weapons of mass destruction... And contributes towards rebuilding the human activities in all domains of individual and social life. (shrink)

This paper analyses the contribution to environmental philosophy of the twentieth century philosophy transformation and the historical contribution of Portuguese philosophy, Bento de Espinosa and Antero de Quental, Portuguese philosopher from XIX century. Both built their philosophy of nature in a critical perspective of the thinking of Ernest Haeckel; and also Jorge de Sena, philosophical poet and writer of the XX century. Their analytic perspective is that the fundamental pushes of environmental philosophy reflection, from Espinosa to Antero and Sena, were (...) the ethical issue and the moral problems. Unlike the history of philosophy, whose core problems are the human condition, the environmental philosophy drive their thoughts to the “raison d’ être” of the world and their phenomenology, without becoming a philosophy against the man, because the nature of the Human being, the nature of all entities and beings from the universe is the same “star dust”. The article postulates two fundamental theses: Environmental philosophy built a new ontology in criticizing anthropocentrism, but only in articulation with a new epistemology, founded in criticism of ethnocentrism, it could lead to a new ethics universal theory. (shrink)