ObjectiveTest anxiety (TA) is a construct that has scarcely been studied based on Lang’s three-dimensional model of anxiety. The objective of this article is to investigate the repercussion of sociodemographic and academic variables on different responses for each component of anxiety and for the type of test in adolescent students.MethodA total of 1181 students from 12 to 18 years old (M= 14.7 and SD = 1.8) participated, of whom 569 were boys (48.2%) and 612 girls (51.8%). A sociodemographic questionnaire and (...) theCuestionario de Ansiedad ante los examenes-Adaptado (CAEX-A)[Test Anxiety Questionnaire-Adapted] an adaptation for Spanish secondary school levels (ESO) and Bachillerato were administered.ResultsGirls scored higher on the cognitive and physiological components of TA than boys, the intensity of the physiological response increasing with age. Bachillerato level students reported more physiological anxiety than those of ESO level. Students with better marks in the previous year presented more anxiety in the cognitive component, while those who obtained the lower mark presented higher anxiety values in the behavioral component. Participants reported that the types of tests that cause them more anxiety were oral tests in front of the class, oral presentation in front of a panel, and mathematics tests.ConclusionAdolescents show a differential response of TA based on the physiological, cognitive and motor components, mediated by the variables of gender, age, grade, academic performance and type of exam. These results serve to design specific intervention programs to manage anxiety in situations of academic assessment. (shrink)

El artículo tiene por objeto analizar la construcción del conocimiento mapuche según el discurso de kimches. Sostenemos que en la educación familiar existe un proceso de construcción de conocimientos propios como un sistema de saberes y contenidos educativos para la formación de personas. La metodología empleada es la investigación educativa. Los resultados parciales muestran una descripción acerca de la lógica de los conocimientos educativos propios, para contextualizar la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las ciencias en el medio escolar, desde la (...) educación intercultural en contexto mapuche. The aim of this article is to analyze the construction of Mapuche knowledge based on the kimches speech. We argue that within family education, there exists a process of constructing their own knowledge, as a system of knowledge and educational contents for forming individuals. The research methodology applied corresponds to education research. Preliminary results describe the logic of individual educational knowledge from intercultural education in the Mapuche context, so as to contextualize the teaching and learning of Science in schools. (shrink)

We propose a review of the theoretical assumptions of Social Policy as autonomous and normative science, in his history, doctrinal plurality and institutional diversity, especially on the current model of the Welfare State. Also, we discuss the impact on the same issue of a new social question, the integral human development, at the beginning of XXI century, in relation with the “social Europe”, the welfare society and the globalization.

Columbia University Press's multivolume Prison Notebooks is the only complete critical edition of Antonio Gramsci's seminal writings in English. Based on the authoritative Italian edition of Gramsci's work, Quaderni del Carcere, this comprehensive translation presents the intellectual as he ought to be read and understood, with critical notes that clarify Gramsci's history, culture, and sources; an index of names; and a contextualization of the thinker's ideas against his earlier writings and letters. This set includes notebooks 1 through 8 with (...) all attendant notes and materials and is an indispensible resource for scholars in the humanities and social sciences. (shrink)

El objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer una explicación sistemática de por qué la teoría política animal desarrollada en el marco del rawlsianismo metodológico tiene dificultades para ajustarse a los estándares de la justificación pública. Argumento, más específicamente, que el problema radica en que nuestra cultura política dificulta que los ciudadanos puedan adoptar una perspectiva coherente para reflexionar sobre los términos a través de los cuales deben conducirse las relaciones entre especies. Para salir de esta situación, sostengo, hay que introducir (...) un giro metodológico, dándole mayor peso a la teoría social, lo que supone un paso del liberalismo a la teoría crítica. (shrink)

En este trabajo se ofrece una propuesta de aplicación práctica del concepto de Pathosformeln acuñado por el historiador del Arte alemán Aby Warburg para los estudios literarios, estableciendo un vaso comunicante desde las imágenes representativas y visuales estudiadas por éste, hacia las imágenes mentales originadas en las descripciones de un texto literario, y las emociones que ellas comunican. Para ello, se escoge un variado corpus de ocho crónicas latinoamericanas, desde modernistas hasta el siglo XXI, cuyo tema sea la prostitución travesti, (...) acotando luego el ejemplo de aplicación a la exacerbación de la feminidad por parte de los protagonistas, y el punto de vista de los narradores al respecto, apoyado a su vez en la noción de performatividad de género de Judith Butler. Mediante citas textuales y comparación entre las representaciones de la prostituta travesti en estos textos de no ficción, se discute la aplicabilidad del concepto, así como las diferencias con el ampliamente estudiado uso de éste en la historiografía de las artes visuales. (shrink)

Early intervention is developed following different types of service organization, which in turn require different professional and family roles. The aim of this study was to compare the perceived satisfaction and family quality of life amongst families receiving early intervention developed at centers in comparison to those receiving the routines-based early intervention in families’ homes, that is a family centered intervention in ecological environments. Under a transformative paradigm, a mixed methods design was used, using the Consumer Report Effectiveness Scale (CRES-4) (...) and the Beach Center Family Quality of Life Scale (FQOLS) and two focus groups as data collection instruments. The sample comprised 166 parents in the quantitative phase and 16 parents in the qualitative phase. Results showed that families receiving routines-based early intervention had greater satisfaction with the service although both groups showed similar scores for family quality of life in most of the analyzed domains. Three dimensions were identified throughout the qualitative phase: problem solving, professional team and service organization. Both the models analyzed have an impact on family quality of life and parents are in general satisfied. Strengths and weaknesses were found related to the problem-solving process, the role of the professional team, family empowerment and the service’s organization. The areas requiring further development are the effective training of professionals focused on family practices, the exchange of information with the family and a more participatory organization that takes parent’s perspectives into consideration. The value given to a combined model is another aspect highlighted in this study, as well as the need for a more agile assessment period to avoid unnecessary delays. (shrink)

In this article, we examine the role of several consumers’ cognitive and psychographic traits in their perceptions of retailers’ deceptive practices and the different effects on perceived deception associated with online vis-à-vis in-store shopping. Building on theoretical models of persuasion in consumer behavior, we hypothesize that the antecedents of perceived deception in traditional settings are the same as those on the Internet, while the intensity of the impact of these antecedents differs between the online and the offline environment. Results suggest (...) that the effects of individual’s cognitive traits and risk aversion on perceived deception are more relevant when consumers shop online than when they purchase from traditional stores. Conversely, psychographic traits play a more important role in explaining perceived deception in the traditional shopping context as compared to the online channel. Several theoretical and managerial implications are derived from these findings. (shrink)

Consumer distrust is only recently beginning to be perceived as an important e-commerce issue and, unlike online trust, the nature and role of distrust is much less established. This study examines the influence of two important consumer characteristics on consumer’s ethically-based distrust of online retailers. Also, the moderating role of consumer’s need for personal contact with sales staff is tested. Results from 409 online consumers confirm that both relativist-based ethical ideology and risk aversion are strongly and positively related to consumers’ (...) distrust. Interestingly, our findings show that positive effects of relativism and risk aversion on consumer’s distrust are moderated by consumers’ need for personal interaction, which is more pronounced for those consumers with a high need for personal interaction with retail salespeople. (shrink)

El trabajo analiza el tema de los derechos humanos bajo la perspectiva de la política multilateral. En esta línea, se concentra en las innovaciones que ha implicado el establecimiento del Consejo de Derechos Humanos, en lugar de la antigua Comisión de Derechos Humanos. Para tal efecto, se pone un énfasis especial en el estudio de las discusiones políticas que se dieron en el seno de la Comunidad Internacional, durante el proceso de constitución del nuevo Consejo, así como en los nuevos (...) mecanismos de revisión que éste contempla. (shrink)

En el contexto del sistema presidencial chileno, el artículo analiza el rol del Congreso en la elaboración de la política exterior, desde la perspectiva del enfoque transaccional desarrollado por Pablo Spiller y Mariano Tommasi (2000). De este modo, se plantea que el trabajo del Congreso en general, y de las comisiones de Relaciones Exteriores del Senado y de la Cámara de Diputados en particular, se caracteriza por la permanencia y continuidad de los miembros y, en consecuencia, por un trabajo especializado (...) y de alta calidad profesional, lo que favorece la cooperación entre los actores y los intercambios intertemporales entre éstos. (shrink)

El siguiente ensayo tiene como objetivo delimitar los argumentos bases que dan origen a la teoría política conocida como atomismo. Para ello será necesario hacer un análisis de sus orígenes en las proposiciones del contrato social, así como de las razones por las cuales se considera al individuo como autosuficiente, para luego ver cómo esto mismo les da un fundamento a los derechos de esta índole. Ello nos demostrará la importancia de replantear estos argumentos, si es que hacen posible la (...) convivencia entre otros, y cómo es que un sistema que requiera de mayor cooperación es contrario al atomismo político. Finalmente, se verán las implicaciones contradictorias y los elementos que juegan en contra de formar parte de este pensamiento, sobre todo en su forma radical. (shrink)

En el presente artículo, se sostiene que el actual escenario internacional se ha caracterizado por una profunda interrelación, y la integración emerge como una estrategia de inserción global de relevancia, especialmente para países como Chile. Esta integración no es sólo económica sino que también incluye el movimiento de personas. No obstante, la integración y la movilidad de personas se ven afectadas por los prejuicios y las desconfianzas, lo que se ha reflejado en el fenómeno migratorio peruano en Chile. Desde esta (...) perspectiva, la construcción de un marco institucional para alcanzar mayores grados de integración de los inmigrantes peruanos en Chile, no sólo requiere avances en el ámbito económico-laboral, sino que también en el área educacional-cultural, promoviendo una educación basada en la interculturalidad, capaz de marcar el camino hacia una mayor tolerancia e integración entre ambas sociedades, y así superar quiebres históricos, como lo fue la Guerra del Pacifico. (shrink)

In the 2nd half of the XVIlth century the Pósito of Murcia was a resource of credit used by the Town Council to help finance their own chronic detlcit or sorne other property more endangered. However, it was not only the main institution of the town who profit from the resources which were available to buy wheat: Sorne of the Councillors (Regidores), the Administrator or several people related to the Pósito got somehow a treatmenl of advanlage under lhe form of (...) credit. In other ocasions, as in the fluctuation in the raising of the wheat price, il was the Pósito the recipient of loans from Councillors, the oligarchy or private citizens. (shrink)

La medicina en Alemania durante la época nacionalsocialista constituyó un área social de intensas contradicciones éticas y existenciales. Frente a los crímenes de lesa humanidad, perpetrados” por médicos serviciales al poder y ávidos de reconocimiento, en nombre de una “ciencia de la raza” y de una “guerra total, hubo también actitudes y gestos oponentes de quienes persistieron –con un alto riesgo personal– en mantener una visión humanista de la profesión y su quehacer en la sociedad. Este artículo continúa la exposición (...) iniciada en el décimo número de la Revista Polis, y aborda las gestiones en contra de los crímenes de la medicina bajo la égida nacionalsocialista. Se apoya en un estudio sistemático de fuentes originales y en las recientes investigaciones sobre la temática en Alemania y en los países ocupados por el régimen nazi durante la II Guerra Mundial. (shrink)

Tras señalar que las investigaciones sobre la relación entre medicina y estado durante el Tercer Reich han alcanzado un desarrollo casi exponencial, el artículo postula que durante el nazismo la medicina fue servil instrumento de una estrategia global de subyugación, dirigida tanto a los pueblos sometidos por las armas como hacia la propia población alemana. Señala que el terror adujo argumentos para legitimar el exterminio de “vidas sin valor”, y condujo a desarrollar experimentos con seres humanos sobre la base de (...) una “racionalidad de fin de los tiempos”, donde los médicos participantes parecían estar liberados de todo principio de ética médica. Podemos afirmar que las investigaciones realizadas sobre esta “medicina sin humanidad” han influido profundamente en nuestra visión actual. Y la sobria constatación de que es posible tal ruptura de límites éticos puede crear bases sociales y culturales para prevenir su repetición. (shrink)

En este trabajo se ofrece una propuesta de aplicación práctica del concepto de Pathosformeln acuñado por el historiador del Arte alemán Aby Warburg para los estudios literarios, estableciendo un vaso comunicante desde las imágenes representativas y visuales estudiadas por éste, hacia las imágenes mentales originadas en las descripciones de un texto literario, y las emociones que ellas comunican. Para ello, se escoge un variado corpus de ocho crónicas latinoamericanas, desde modernistas hasta el siglo XXI, cuyo tema sea la prostitución travesti, (...) acotando luego el ejemplo de aplicación a la exacerbación de la feminidad por parte de los protagonistas, y el punto de vista de los narradores al respecto, apoyado a su vez en la noción de performatividad de género de Judith Butler. Mediante citas textuales y comparación entre las representaciones de la prostituta travesti en estos textos de no ficción, se discute la aplicabilidad del concepto, así como las diferencias con el ampliamente estudiado uso de éste en la historiografía de las artes visuales. (shrink)

Marina Garcés Anagrama 2017, 80 pp. Barcelona ISBN: 978-84-339-1614-3.

En la gestión de médicos y psicólogos bajo el “estado de excepción” en Argentina, Chile y Uruguay, la praxis profesional se situó en una tensión entre derechos humanos y ética profesional, en un contexto de amenazas institucionales, administrativas y de exigencias del aparato represivo estatal. El presente artículo expone cómo la ética profesional fue por un lado dañada sistemáticamente, ero asimismo muchas acciones fueron realizadas en su defensa y restitución.

This volume explores the work and thought of Edith Stein (1891-1942). It discusses in detail, and from new perspectives, the traditional areas of her thinking, including her ideas about women/feminism, theology, and metaphysics. In addition, it introduces readers to new and/or understudied areas of her thought, including her views on history, and her social and political philosophy. The guiding thread that connects all the essays in this book is the emphasis on new approaches and novel applications of her philosophy. The (...) contributions both extend the interdisciplinary implications of Stein's thinking for our contemporary world and apply her insights to questions of theatre, public history and biographical representation, education, politics, autism, theological debates, feminism, sexuality studies and literature. The volume brings together for the first time leading scholars in five language-groups, including English, German, Italian, French and Spanish-speaking authors, thereby reflecting an international and cosmopolitan approach to Stein studies. (shrink)

Pure shape dynamics (PSD) is a novel implementation of the relational framework originally proposed by Julian Barbour and Bruno Bertotti. PSD represents a Leibnizian/Machian approach to physics in that it completely describes the dynamical evolution of a physical system without resorting to any structure external to the system itself. The chapter discusses how PSD effectively describes a de Broglie-Bohm N-body system and the conceptual benefits of such a relational description. The analysis will highlight the new directions in the quest for (...) an understanding of the nature of the wave function that are opened up by a modern relationalist elaboration on de Broglie's and Bohm's original insights. (shrink)

From one of the world's leading neuroscientists--a succinct, illuminating, wholly engaging investigation of the phenomenon of consciousness. In recent decades, many philosophers and cognitive scientists have declared the question of consciousness unsolvable, but Antonio Damasio is convinced that recent findings in neurobiology, psychology, and AI have given us the necessary tools to solve its mystery. Now, he not only elucidates its myriad aspects, but presents his analysis and insights in a way that is faithful to our own intuitive sense (...) of the experience of consciousness. In the 45 brief chapters of the book, he helps us understand the relation between consciousness and mind; why being conscious is not the same as either being awake or sensing; the essential role of feeling; and the biological brain and development of consciousness. He synthesizes the recent findings of various sciences with the outlook of philosophy, and, most significantly, presents his original research which has transformed our understanding of the brain and human behavior. Here is an indispensable guide to understanding consciousness, the fundamental human capacity for informing--and transforming--our experience of the world around us and our perception of our place in it. (shrink)

The paper presents a metaphysical characterization of spatiotemporal backgrounds from a realist perspective. The conceptual analysis is based on a heuristic sketch that encompasses the common formal traits of the major spacetime theories, such as Newtonian mechanics and general relativity. It is shown how this framework can be interpreted in a fully realist fashion, and what is the role of background structures in such a picture. In the end it is argued that, although backgrounds are a source of metaphysical discomfort, (...) still they make a spacetime theory easy to interpret. It is also suggested that this conclusion partially explains why the notion of background independence carries a lot of conceptual difficulties. (shrink)

The paper investigates the type of realism that best suits the framework of decoherence taken at face value without postulating a plurality of worlds, or additional hidden variables, or non-unitary dynamical mechanisms. It is argued that this reading of decoherence leads to an extremely radical type of perspectival realism, especially when cosmological decoherence is considered.

In the so-called digital culture, there is a constant presence of radical transformations on the cognitive and affective dimensions of the relations established among teachers and students. Upon this ubiquitous accessibility of information, the very historical and hierarchically verticalized relation between teachers and students has been increasingly questioned. Upon this situation, the authors in this article aim at stating that the revitalization of concepts developed by Paulo Freire, mainly the ones discussed in the books: ‘Pedagogy of Hope’, that sought a (...) re-encounter with ‘Pedagogy of the Oppressed’, ‘Extension or Communication’ and ‘Pedagogy of Freedom’ became essential to understanding how the relationship between teachers and students can be mutually re-signified. In these times of digital culture, we argue that the revitalization of the critical thinking proposed by Freire is able to foment a dialogical communication both in the pedagogical link shared by teachers and students and in the transformation of information into substantially and ethically experienced concepts. Such substantial and ethical experiences are the ones able to attest that the pedagogy of hope and the pedagogy of freedom are possible, provided they are constituted with the students and not for them. (shrink)

European scholars discuss Leo Strauss as a major figure in the history of philosophy. This volume presents, for the first time in English, the approaches to Leo Strauss being pursued by European scholars in Spain, Italy, and Germany. Whereas the traditions of Strauss interpretation have, until recently, focused on issues of interest to political science and, to a lesser extent, religious studies, this collection makes a powerful contribution to the recent philosophical consideration of Strauss. Each essay treats a unique thread (...) emerging from the tapestry of Straussian thought, illustrating Strauss’s thinking on the reading of ancient texts and on the relationship between philosophy and politics. In doing so, Strauss is placed squarely and uncompromisingly within the history of philosophy, in conversation with a large range of philosophical figures. “This is a really wonderful volume, a compelling narrative of Strauss as a reader of philosophical texts who both originated a new way of philosophical exploration as well as freely responded to philosophical and historical circumstances of his time.” — Jeffrey A. Bernstein, College of Holy Cross. (shrink)

Antropologia individualistica e democrazia -- Nuova antropologia. Soggetto e libertà nella democrazia di Tocqueville -- Sball-democrazia -- Simboli del potere -- Oltre la frontiera. Soggettività globale -- Ecity. Tecnica senza storia.