Invention is an important source of technology, and, to understand invention, one needs a model system or prototype. A candidate model system is the hand tool. Using the hand tool as an example, the authors present a systematic approach to invention, dealing with description, classification, and joining or integrating simpler forms. Heuristics for when to integrate are presented. Finally, the authors introduce a new way of thinking about hand tools: simple spatial transformations applied to an abstract element make possible the (...) re-creation of a large number of tools. (shrink)

Se plantea una aproximación a las interpretaciones del fascismo de Ortega y Gasset y María Zambrano, tan divergentes como sus respectivas concepciones del liberalismo y, en definitiva, de la política. En el caso de Ortega, el fascismo sería una concreción de la rebelión de las masas, agresiva hacia la cultura y las instituciones liberales. En el caso de Zambrano, se identificaría con el nihilismo y la regresión al mito, como desenlace de un proceso arraigado en el corazón de la Modernidad (...) e incluso el logos occidental. Ambas interpretaciones se disciernen además sobre el complejo trasfondo de las relaciones de continuidad y, al mismo tiempo, ruptura, propias del saber compartido por maestros y discípulos. (shrink)

This paper analyzes and compares different policy scenarios as well as discusses price elasticities and willingness to pay and to accept using revealed preference data from the French new-car market in 2014 by means of a cross-nested logit model. We focus particularly on electric and hybrid vehicles. We use interactions between the cost and the household income to analyze the sensitivity towards different policy scenarios per income level. Results show that the willingness to pay and to accept obtained in our (...) study is consistent with the real-market conditions. We also find that the most effective scenario to increase the market shares of new sold electric vehicles is that of a major technological advance such as a decrease in price due to cheaper manufacturing costs and an increase in driving range, rather than a policy-based scenario. In addition, the market segment that has more potential to increase the market shares of electric vehicle purchase is the middle-income level. In the paper, we discuss how to overcome the difficulties of working with revealed preference data, and propose multiple imputations to impute the attributes of the unchosen alternatives, by drawing from their empirical distributions. (shrink)

Business Ethics: A European Review, EarlyView.

In this article, we analyze the relationship between the main dimensions of organizational structure (i.e., formalization, centralization, and complexity) and ecological responsiveness in a sample of 109 firms in the European air passenger transport industry. Broadly confirming our hypotheses, the results show that high formalization of routine tasks favors ecological responsiveness. Structures characterized by high decentralization and low complexity also favor ecological responsiveness. Furthermore, decentralization has a significant, positive relationship with ecological responsiveness among firms with low vertical complexity. Overall, the (...) results indicate that organizational structure plays a major role in ecological responsiveness. (shrink)

Texto presentado en el Congreso Internacional “Recepciones de Ortega y Gasset en Chile” celebrado en el Centro Cultural de España en Santiago durante los días 30 y 31 de mayo de 2018, en Santiago de Chile. Forma parte de la compilación recogida en número especial de la Revista de Filosofía Otrosiglo, en junio del 2023.

Con el término “la patria en los zapatos”, aludía Danton al rechazo que la figura del exilio suscitaba entre los mentores de la ciudadanía moderna, en plena Revolución francesa. Ello da pie a una breve reflexión introductoria sobre la actualidad de esta figura, la cual desenmascara la vocación excluyente del estado-nación y obliga a pensar de nuevo conceptos como el de cosmopolitismo.

ABSTRACTSocial attentional biases are a core component of social anxiety disorder, but research has not yet determined their direction due to methodological limitations. Here we present preliminary findings from a novel, dynamic eye-tracking paradigm allowing spatial–temporal measurement of attention and gaze-following, a mechanism previously unexplored in social anxiety. 105 participants took part, with those high and low in social anxiety traits entered into the analyses. Participants watched a video of an emotionally-neutral social scene, where two actors periodically shifted their gaze (...) towards the periphery. HSA participants looked more at the actors’ faces during the initial 2s than the LSA group but there were no group differences in proportion of first fixations to the face or latency to first fixate the face, although HSA individuals’ first fixations to the face were shorter. No further differences in eye movements were found, nor in gaze-following beha... (shrink)

Entrevista con María del Carmen Rovira Gaspar.

ABSTRACTAs the Spanish Civil War came to an end, hundreds of thousands of Spaniards who had opposed the military rebellion which initiated the war and remained loyal to the democratically elected government were forced into exile. Amongst them was the philosopher María Zambrano. While little known to an English-speaking readership, she represents a unique voice engaging with some of the fundamental problems of our times. Her life was marked, like that of her contemporaries Benjamin, Husserl, Arendt, Patočka, Adorno, Lacan, Derrida (...) and Blumenberg by the crisis of modernity culminating in the two World Wars. Her work is part of the same philosophical debates, currents and problems facing the Europe of her time. The aim of the volume María Zambrano amongst the philosophers, introduced in this article, is to focus on the links between Zambrano’s thought and a wide range of themes and ideas associated with these other European thinkers. A summary of Zambrano’s main philosophical concepts and preoccupations is also offered to help the reader situate the translated anthology of texts by the philosopher included in the volume. (shrink)

Se apuntan algunas reflexiones relevantes sobre el ethos universitario en el contexto del exilio republicano español de 1939. En concreto, de autores como Fernando de los Ríos, Joaquín Xirau y José Gaos, exponentes todo ellos de un saber desarraigado en busca de nuevos resortes de poder. Se tiene además en cuenta el caso de María Zambrano, cuyo aparente desinterés por la cuestión universitaria es indicio de un saber coherente con su exilio e irreductible a la disciplina académica, de un saber (...) que ha renunciado al poder y exige un nuevo ethos. (shrink)

RESUMENPese a su relevancia en el horizonte del exilio español de 1939, la obra filosófica de Eduardo Nicol (1907-2007) no ha sido estudiada aún con el detenimiento que merece. A lo largo de más de una docena de libros planteó toda una reforma de la razón filosófica, sensible a preocupaciones medulares de nuestro tiempo. Entre otras, la metafísica, cuya crisis contemporánea asumió; la ética, a la que imprimió un sentido dialógico y comunicativo; los límites y prejuicios de la ciencia; o (...) la reflexión hispanista.PALABRAS CLAVEFILOSOFÍA HISPÁNICA, METAFÍSICA, ÉTICA, CIENCIAABSTRACTIn spite of their relevance in the horizon of the Spanish exile of 1939, the philosophical work of Eduardo Nicol (1907-2007) has not still been studied with the thoroughness that deserves. Along more than a dozen of books it outlined an entire reformation of the philosophical reason, sensitive to medullary concerns of our time. Among other, the metaphysics, whose contemporary crisis assumed; the ethics, to which endued a dialogical and communicative sense; the limits and prejudices of the science; or the hispanist reflection.KEY WORDSSPANISH PHILOSOPHY, METAPHYSICS, ETHICS, SCIENCE. (shrink)

The Earth is facing pressing societal grand challenges that require urgent managerial action. Responsible management learning has emerged as a discipline to prepare managers to act as responsible leaders that can effectively address such pressing challenges. This article aims to extend current knowledge on RML in the domain of corporate sustainability through the application of threshold concepts, novel ideas which provide a doorway to new knowledge and transform a learner’s mindset. Specifically, after conducting a systematic review of the management literature, (...) we identify 33 CS threshold concepts that are useful for mainstream managers and practitioners in their RML process. We group them into six CS threshold concept themes that can help managers understand the complexities and interconnectedness that characterize CS. Finally, we map CS threshold concepts with key competences for effective RML. Therefore, our contribution relies on translating existing CS theoretical frameworks into transformative, specific, understandable and applicable pieces of knowledge that might help mainstream managers to embed CS principles in their daily management practices. (shrink)

The Earth is facing pressing societal grand challenges that require urgent managerial action. Responsible management learning has emerged as a discipline to prepare managers to act as responsible leaders that can effectively address such pressing challenges. This article aims to extend current knowledge on RML in the domain of corporate sustainability through the application of threshold concepts, novel ideas which provide a doorway to new knowledge and transform a learner’s mindset. Specifically, after conducting a systematic review of the management literature, (...) we identify 33 CS threshold concepts that are useful for mainstream managers and practitioners in their RML process. We group them into six CS threshold concept themes that can help managers understand the complexities and interconnectedness that characterize CS. Finally, we map CS threshold concepts with key competences for effective RML. Therefore, our contribution relies on translating existing CS theoretical frameworks into transformative, specific, understandable and applicable pieces of knowledge that might help mainstream managers to embed CS principles in their daily management practices. (shrink)

We use this editorial essay as a call for a more effective use of new technologies, such as mobile apps and Web 2.0 tools, to educate students and other relevant stakeholders on business ethics, corporate social responsibility, and sustainability topics. We identify three overarching reasons that justify the need for new ways of teaching that further incorporate technology to foster the innovative thinking needed to tackle imminent societal grand challenges such as climate change and increasing inequality. First, we are facing (...) a new generation of millennials and Generation Z students who are digital natives and more likely to search for educational content on their electronic devices. Second, new technologies offer opportunities to reach students globally, helping to democratize education. Third, we posit that the intrinsic characteristics of societal grand challenges, which are complex, uncertain, and evaluative, can benefit from technology as an effective translator of multilayered concepts into more digestible action items. Our essay ends with a brief summary of the four essays included in the thematic symposium: “There is an App for that! The Use of New Technologies and Apps in Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability Education.”. (shrink)

La primera cuestión a plantear en la resolución de conflictos es la percepción que las partes tienen de éste. Nos centraremos en el análisis del caso «0», en el cual las partes, o al menos una de ellas, no percibe o se niega a percibir el conflicto. Proponemos que este paso sea primero y prioritario para cualquier análisis de resolución de conflictos.

Se analiza, en este estudio, la sintáctica, la semántica y la pragmática del conflicto en una muestra de 359 profesores de enseñanza no universitaria en España. Se establece la vinculación entre las dimensiones de la sintáctica del conflicto y los modos o estrategias de afrontamiento del conflicto propuestos por Kreidler, 1984. Los resultados apuntan hacia una visión negativista de la realidad del conflicto como fruto de la cultura, aunque con ciertos indicios de positividad en cuanto a la pragmática del conflicto.

La geometría y el dibujo son herramientas esenciales para la expresión gráfica, quizás el lenguaje fundamental en los ámbitos de la arquitectura y la ingeniería. Aunque su importancia es innegable, muchos de los alumnos que abordan el estudio de la geometría la perciben como una materia abstracta y compleja, sin relación con la realidad, por lo que no les motiva suficientemente. Este trabajo presenta tres experiencias docentes dirigidas a solucionar este problema en las que se plantea un reto: la construcción (...) de una bóveda o una cúpula. De este modo, los alumnos tuvieron que investigar y entender diversos conceptos geométricos. (shrink)

Based on published works and unpublished materials, this article analyses how cybernetics was received by two Spanish thinkers exiled in Mexico: José Gaos (1900–1969) and Eduardo Nicol (1907–1990). This reception is particularly intriguing especially when considering the substantial presence and social impact that Norbert Wiener had in Mexican society because of his friendship with Arturo Rosenblueth. Gaos and Nicol are the first philosophers to develop a complex and original diagnosis of cybernetics in Mexico. It will be shown how the exiled (...) thinkers take on the philosophical implications of this science in the light of their respective theoretical projects, and finally, it will be defended how the critical perspective they develop is particularly significant for Mexico’s political and academic context since it illuminates some negative aspects of cybernetics that Wiener did not foresee and that had not been reported there until then. (shrink)

Esta obra recoge una selección revisada de ponencias presentadas en distintas ediciones del Seminario Internacional de Jóvenes Investigadores (IFS-CSIC). Su publicación como conjunto responde a la motivación de divulgar un cuerpo de cuestiones relevantes dentro de la investigación en humanidades y ciencias sociales de la última década. Una gran parte de los artículos incide directamente en cuestiones de interés para los ámbito de estudio de la ética y la ciencia política.

The history of evolutionary thought / Michael Ruse -- The origin of life / Jeffrey L. Bada and Antonio Lazcano -- Paleontology and the history of life / Michael Benton -- Adaptation / Joseph Travis and David N. Reznick -- Molecular evolution / Francisco J. Ayala -- Evolution of the genome / Brian Charlesworth and Deborah Charlesworth -- The pattern and process of speciation / Margaret B. Ptacek and Shala J. Hankison -- Evolution and development / Gregory A. Wray -- (...) Social behavior and sociobiology / Daniel J. Rubenstein -- Human evolution / Henry M. McHenry -- Evolutionary biology of disease and Darwinian medicine / Michael F. Antolin -- Beyond the Darwinian paradigm : understanding biological forms / Brian Goodwin -- Philosophy of evolutionary thought / Kim Sterelny -- Evolution and society / Manfred D. Laubichler and Jane Maienschein -- Evolution and religion / David N. Livingstone -- American antievolutionism : retrospect and prospect / Eugenie C. Scott. (shrink)