A distorted representation of one's own body is a diagnostic criterion and core psychopathology of both anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Despite recent technical advances in research, it is still unknown whether this body image disturbance is characterized by body dissatisfaction and a low ideal weight and/or includes a distorted perception or processing of body size. In this article, we provide an update and meta-analysis of 42 articles summarizing measures and results for body size estimation (BSE) from 926 (...) individuals with AN, 536 individuals with BN and 1920 controls. We replicate findings that individuals with AN and BN overestimate their body size as compared to controls (ES= 0.63). Our meta-regression shows that metric methods (BSE by direct or indirect spatial measures) yield larger effect sizes than depictive methods (BSE by evaluating distorted pictures), and that effect sizes are larger for patients with BN than for patients with AN. To interpret these results, we suggest a revised theoretical framework for BSE that accounts for differences between depictive and metric BSE methods regarding the underlying body representations (conceptual vs. perceptual, implicit vs. explicit). We also discuss clinical implications and argue for the importance of multimethod approaches to investigate body image disturbance. (shrink)

English summary: Until well into the 18th century, the concept of the soul played a major role in the scientific, religious, aesthetic and metaphysical discussion of humanity representing the highest level of existence. In modernity, this concept of the soul has lost its significance. It seems to have been replaced by terms such as subjectivity, personality and individuality. At the same time a symbolic added value which deifies clear description appears to have attached itself to the definition of the soul. (...) These developments and their interpretation are examined by the contributions in this collection. The volume includes contributions from Roderich Barth, Ulrich Barth, Jurgen Brunner, Brigitte Boothe, Jorg Dierken, Dirk Evers, Ferdinand Fellmann, Daniel Fulda, Johannes Hubner, Marco Ivaldo, Malte Dominik Kruger, Martin Kurthen, Rudolf Lang Thaler, Wolfgang Mack, Notger Slenzcka, Florian Steger and Anne Steinmeier. German description: Der Begriff der Seele hatte bis ins 18. Jahrhundert hinein eine prominente Stellung in naturwissenschaftlichen, religiosen, asthetischen und metaphysischen Erorterungen des Menschlichen als hochster Stufe des Lebendigen. Diese Stellung hat der Seelenbegriff in der Moderne eingebusst. Er scheint von Begriffen wie Subjektivitat, Personalitat und Individualitat abgelost worden zu sein. Gleichwohl scheint der Bezeichnung der Seele ein symbolischer Mehrwert anzuhaften, der sich allerdings einer klaren Fassung entzieht. Diesen Entwicklungen und ihren Deutungen gehen die Beitrage des Sammelbandes nach. Eine Leitfrage ist dabei: Steht die Rede von der Seele fur die prareflexive Selbstgegebenheit der Subjektivitat, wie sie sich vorrangig in der Leiberfahrung und (allenfalls?) nachrangig in der Wissenschaftsreflexion ausdruckt? (shrink)

Refus des philosophies de l'histoire, des " sciences sociales ", de la philosophie politique... c'est à partir d'un événement - " 1933 " - que Hannah Arendt construit, patiemment, rigoureusement, une réflexion sur la politique. Tous ses textes contribuent à cette entreprise cohérente depuis Les origines du totalitarisme. Et cette entreprise même, qui conteste la tradition, s'appuie sur un effort pour la relire à nouveaux frais, depuis les leçons de la démocratie grecque jusqu'à Kant et aux Révolutions américaine et française. (...) Ainsi, s'élabore une pensée de la cité, du mal, du conflit et de la responsabilité. (shrink)

Read again in light of the current French social conflict around the part-time theater and cinema workers, the book by L. Boltanski and E. Chiapello, Le nouvel esprit du capitalisme, seems to have been quite prescient when describing work as organized store and more through short-term projects. But the lack of social security in this system is supposed by the authors to conte front the artist-critics who were interested mostly in individual freedom and expressivity, store than from the infrastructural organization (...) of capitalism. Solutions are sought by analogy with the rides that protect salaried workers, particularly the idea of a guaranteed income or social wage. (shrink)

Que l’éthique ait pu soutenir le capitalisme n’est pas une idée nouvelle : on la trouve déjà chez Marx, puis chez Weber qui analyse les « affinités électives » entre l’éthique protestante et l’esprit du capitalisme. Il semble cependant qu’aujourd’hui, on assiste à un phénomène qui relèverait d’une « économisation » du concept d’éthique. Le lieu de « production » de l’ « éthique » paraît bien être la sphère économique elle-même, et notamment l’entreprise qui en serait l’un des principaux (...) vecteurs de diffusion. C’est en ce sens que l’on parlera d’ « offre éthique ». Si l’éthique en « s’économisant » s’adresse à l’individu en tant qu’être de besoin, ne va-t-elle pas devenir, au même titre que les biens culturels , un bien marchand ? L’entreprise est-elle fondée à produire une éthique économique ?The support provided by ethics to capitalism is not new : the idea was expressed by Marx, then by Weber analyzing the « elective affinities » between protestant ethics and the spirit of capitalism. Nevertheless, it seems that, in the contemporary period, another phenomenon is appearing : the « economization » of the concept of ethics. From now on, ethics would be produced by the economic sphere itself, and particularly by business. In such a configuration, the question raised are the following ones : is this evolution leading to a « marketization » of ethics parallel to the one put in evidence by Arendt concerning the cultural goods ? Is business legitimate to produce an economic ethics ? (shrink)

Deux préjugés ont grevé la réception de l'œuvre d'Arendt, en particulier en France. L'un : que l'étude des " origines du totalitarisme " et de sa nature (comme modèle politique portant bien au-delà du prototype nazi) ne définirait pas seulement le point de départ de ses questions, mais en bornerait les enjeux. L'autre : qu'à travers les étapes et les détours d'une pensée de la politique et de l'histoire contemporaines, elle n'aurait tendu qu'à rejoindre la tradition philosophique (la méditation sur (...) " la vie de l'esprit "). Convoquant tour à tour l'analyse des révolutions, la critique du travail et du mouvement ouvrier, le questionnement sur la publicité, la société du spectacle et la capacité de juger, le présent ouvrage entend restituer ce qui fait l'originalité de la réflexion d'Arendt sur l'histoire et la politique. Il la replace dans la lignée de Machiavel, de Montesquieu et de Tocqueville, dans la confrontation déterminante avec Marx, dans l'opposition constante à la philosophie politique. Justifiant la posture non-philosophique qu'elle n'a cessé de revendiquer. Démontrant par là même quel bénéfice réel la philosophie peut tirer d'une provocation qui l'expose à la puissance sauvage de l'événement, et à l'étonnement qu'il doit susciter. (shrink)

Innovative readings and creative reinterpretations of significant works in the field of ancient philosophy.

En accompagnement de la reprise des fouilles, nous présentons de nouvelles données relatives aux trois monuments les plus occidentaux de la terrasse de la Marmaria, obtenues à l’occasion de l’inventaire des blocs hors œuvre, présents sur le site, et d’une relecture des sources textuelles antiques. La fonction d’hestiatorion de SD 44 est ainsi confirmée. Une nouvelle datation est proposée pour l’édifice de calcaire SD 43 dont l’architecture ne correspond pas à celle d’un temple, mais plutôt à celle d’une salle d’assemblée. (...) La date de la tholos SD 40 est également abaissée, ce qui la met en relation avec le Philippéion d’Olympie. Ces acquis auront à être précisés par la poursuite de l’étude architecturale, mais ils invitent déjà à réévaluer la place que la Macédoine des Argéades tenait à Delphes. (shrink)

La confrontation des vestiges du péribole du sanctuaire d'Apollon à Delphes et des données relatives aux chantiers de réfection fournies par le Compte des Trésoriers CID II 81 invite à situer les travaux au mur Est entre les portes Β et F (cette dernière se trouvant au Nord de l'emplacement du futur portique d'Attale) et à les mettre en relation avec la reconstruction du temple et le réaménagement du téménos.

En accompagnement de la reprise des fouilles, nous présentons de nouvelles données relatives aux trois monuments les plus occidentaux de la terrasse de la Marmaria, obtenues à l’occasion de l’inventaire des blocs hors œuvre, présents sur le site, et d’une relecture des sources textuelles antiques. La fonction d’hestiatorion de SD 44 est ainsi confirmée. Une nouvelle datation est proposée pour l’édifice de calcaire SD 43 dont l’architecture ne correspond pas à celle d’un temple, mais plutôt à celle d’une salle d’assemblée. (...) La date de la tholos SD 40 est également abaissée, ce qui la met en relation avec le Philippéion d’Olympie. Ces acquis auront à être précisés par la poursuite de l’étude architecturale, mais ils invitent déjà à réévaluer la place que la Macédoine des Argéades tenait à Delphes. (shrink)

Dans les analyses sociologiques et philosophiques qu'à suscitées récemment le « phénomène du téléphone portable », les promesses de l'innovation sont souvent tenues à tort pour la réalité des usages. Une enquête fondée sur l'observation des pratiques concrètes autour du portable nous a permis de montrer sous quelle forme les possibilités ouvertes par l'innovation interviennent dans l'expérience de l'outil: comment la promesse de joignabilité est déjouée par les stratégies de chacun, comment, à partir d'un agrégat de fonctions, les utilisateurs réinventent (...) un objet métamorphique doté d'une unité forte, ou encore comment les représentations que se font les utilisateurs des possibles techniques les amènent à dénier la réalité de l'outil, dans le cas de la photographie sur portable par exemple...Le cinéma expérimental mobile, ainsi que les films de fiction exploitent cet écart entre les possibles de l'outil et la réalité des pratiques, qui est caractéristique de la relation à cet objet.In sociological and philosophical raised recently as the "phenomenon of the mobile phone," the promise of innovation are often held mistaken for the actual practice. A survey based on the observation of actual practices around the notebook has allowed us to show what form the opportunities offered by innovation involved in the experience of the tool: how the promise of reachability is thwarted by the strategies of each how, from an aggregate function, users metamorphic reinvent an object with a strong unit, or how the representations that are users of possible techniques lead to denying the reality of the tool in the case of photography such as portable ... Experimental cinema mobile, as well as films exploit this potential gap between the tool and the actual practices, which is characteristic of the relationship to the object. (shrink)

_The power and materiality of form. On studying the forms of knowledge in catechisms and ship’s logs._ The article argues that in the emerging field of the history of knowledge, with its focus on the production, circulation and exchange of knowledge, explorations of _ forms _ will represent a valuable addition. Form is related to genre. Yet, while the identification of genres is largely based on linguistic, literary or rhetorical criteria, form is also about structures and materiality as well as (...) about practical and institutional preconditions. Form often attracts less attention than contents, although the form makes this content recognizable _ as _ knowledge. Our argument builds on the exploration of two different early modern knowledge forms, the catechism and the ship's log respectively. Both demonstrate how form is decisive in defining contents as authoritative knowledge. They also illustrate how form is a prerequisite to enable knowledge to circulate and be part of cultural exchange, and thus to be socially efficient. The forms serve to codify existing knowledge, but also to the production and circulation of new insights. When forms like the log and the catechism are examined historically, however, they can also be seen to live their own lives in a tension between stability and change. The forms themselves become objects of negotiations, change and innovation. (shrink)

This third volume completes the text of the cycle of 294 English Wycliffite sermons; the first two volumes appeared in 1983 and 1987 respectively. The 120 sermons here were intended to provide material for all the weekday occasions for which the Sarum rite offers a separate gospel reading; such complete coverage of ferial days is unparalleled in English medieval homiliaries, and seems unknown elsewhere in contemporary European cycles of sermons. The introduction to the present book, which is intended to be (...) used along with the material in the previous volumes, describes the state of the text in these manuscripts and their relation to each other. Two further chapters consider questions relating to the whole cycle: the fidelity of the biblical translation in the sermons to the Vulgate texts; and the complicated issue of the relation between these English sermons and the Latin sermons of John Wyclif himself. A fourth volume will provide a commentary on the individual sermons, consider the recurrent issues discussed within them, and offer suggestions concerning the origins of the collection. (shrink)

In Holism: A Shopper's Guide Fodor and LePore contend that there could be punctate minds; minds capable of being in only a single type of representational state. The Kantian idea that the construction of perceptual representations requires the synthesizing activity of the mind is invoked to argue against the possibility of punctate minds. Fodor's commitment to an inferential theory of perception is shown to share crucial assumptions with the Kantian view and hence to lead to the same conclusion. The argument (...) from the need for synthesis is then extended beyond the perceptual case to mental representation in general. (shrink)

Researching user experience in smell perception I will contribute to a methodological approach of generating meaning creating knowledge and awareness in a culture of senses, understanding smell as a storying element in myth corresponding with design. In my paper I address images in Homeric language triggering mythical ‘smell scapes’. I examine smell perception in the perspective of narrative elements reflecting interactions of actants and agency in actor networks: Addressing myth as a challenge of narrative framings of two levels, i.e. media (...) in smell and language, I suggest that smell research is not only a way to understanding media (McLuhan), but also to a new way of designing research tools that contribute to cultivate odor perception as a cultural quality of space and time perception. (shrink)

La biologie se comprend en termes d'échanges entre le dedans et le dehors, soi et les autres ; mais toute croissance implique une assimilation d'éléments extérieurs. Les querelles frontalières entre disciplines sont l'équivalent des crises de croissance: phénomènes inévitables, douloureux, mais source de métamorphoses.By offering an anthropological view of attraction and exclusion processes in human as well as animal groups, the author proposes to take a step back from the bitter disciplinary "border" disputes to better perceive the discipline's continuous construction (...) process. (shrink)

Does Cantorian set theory alter our intuitive conception of number? Yes. In particular, Cantorian set theory revises our intuitive conception of when two sets have the same size (cardinal number). Consider a variant of Galileo’s Paradox, which notes that the members of the set of natural numbers, N, can be put in one-to-one correspondence with the members of the set of even numbers, E.

This book is the result of intensive and continued discussions about the social role of language and its conceptualisations in societies other than Northern (European-American) ones. Language as a means of expressing as well as evoking both interiority and community has been in the focus of these discussions, led among linguists, anthropologists, and Egyptologists, and leading to a collection of essays that provide studies that transcend previously considered approaches. Its contributions are in particular interested in understanding how the attitude of (...) the individual towards societal processes and strategies of norming is negotiated emotionally, and how individual interests and attitudes can be articulated. Discourses on public spaces are in the focus, in order to analyse those strategies that are employed to articulate dissent (for example, in the sense of face-threatening acts). This raises a number of questions on the spatial and public situatedness of emotions and language: How is the public space dealt with and reflected in language as property, heritage, and as a part of ascribed identities? Which role do emotions play in this space? How is emotion employed there as part of place making in relation to identity constructions? What is the connection between emotion, performance and emblematic spaces and places? Which opportunities of the violation of norms and transgression do such public spaces offer to actors and speakers? These questions intend to address the communicative representation of core cultural processes and concepts. (shrink)

Studies regularly show that an age-based stereotype threat impairs older adults’ performance on memory tasks. Results regarding stereotype threat effects on false memories are less clear. Some studies suggest that education may moderate the relationship between an age-related stereotype threat and episodic memory performance in older adults. The present study aimed at examining the moderating role of education on the relationship between perceived stereotype threat and false memories in older adults. With this aim, 82 adults between 60 and 70 years (...) of age performed a Deese-Roediger-McDermott task followed by a free recall test and completed questionnaires assessing both their perception of an age-based stereotype threat and their education level. Regression analyses showed no effect of PST on the production of critical lures. However, as was expected, our results showed that in higher educated older adults, as the perception of stereotype increases, the production of critical lures increases. These results confirm the moderating role of education and highlight its key role in the relationship between the age-based stereotype threat and older adults’ susceptibility to false memories. (shrink)