15 found
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  1.  35
    Non-safety Assessments of Genome-Edited Organisms: Should They be Included in Regulation?Bjørn Kåre Myskja & Anne Ingeborg Myhr - 2020 - Science and Engineering Ethics 26 (5):2601-2627.
    This article presents and evaluates arguments supporting that an approval procedure for genome-edited organisms for food or feed should include a broad assessment of societal, ethical and environmental concerns; so-called non-safety assessment. The core of analysis is the requirement of the Norwegian Gene Technology Act that the sustainability, ethical and societal impacts of a genetically modified organism should be assessed prior to regulatory approval of the novel products. The article gives an overview how this requirement has been implemented in the (...)
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  2.  26
    We have never been ELSI researchers – there is no need for a post-ELSI shift.Anne Ingeborg Myhr, Rune Nydal & Bjørn Kåre Myskja - 2014 - Life Sciences, Society and Policy 10 (1):1-17.
    This article criticizes recent suggestions that the current ELSI research field should accommodate a new direction towards a ‘post-ELSI’ agenda. Post-ELSI research seeks to avoid the modernist division of responsibility for technical and social issues said to characterize ELSI research. Collaboration and integration are consequently the key terms of post-ELSI strategies that are to distinguish it from ELSI strategies. We argue that this call for a new direction relies on an inadequate generalized analysis of ELSI research as modern that will (...)
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  3. Scientific dishonesty—a nationwide survey of doctoral students in Norway.Bjørn Hofmann, Anne Ingeborg Myhr & Søren Holm - 2013 - BMC Medical Ethics 14 (1):3-.
    Background: The knowledge of scientific dishonesty is scarce and heterogeneous. Therefore this study investigates the experiences with and the attitudes towards various forms of scientific dishonesty among PhD-students at the medical faculties of all Norwegian universities.MethodAnonymous questionnaire distributed to all post graduate students attending introductory PhD-courses at all medical faculties in Norway in 2010/2011. Descriptive statistics. Results: 189 of 262 questionnaires were returned (72.1%). 65% of the respondents had not, during the last year, heard or read about researchers who committed (...)
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  4.  86
    A social and ethical game-changer? An empirical ethics study of CRISPR in the salmon farming industry.Hannah Winther, Torill Blix, Lotte Holm, Anne Ingeborg Myhr & Bjørn Myskja - forthcoming - Environmental Values.
    The genome editing technology CRISPR is described as a technological game-changer because of its flexibility and precision, and as an ethical game-changer due to its ability to engineer traits in living organisms without crossing species, avoiding a significant objection to genetically modified organisms (GMOs). In salmon farming, applications of CRISPR in breeding hold the promise of handling environmental and fish welfare challenges yet require social acceptance. Adopting an empirical bioethics framework, this stakeholder interview study shows that respecting species borders is (...)
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  5.  53
    Perspectives on Salmon Feed: A Deliberative Assessment of Several Alternative Feed Resources.Frøydis Gillund & Anne Ingeborg Myhr - 2010 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 23 (6):527-550.
    The future of salmon aquaculture depends on the adoption of alternative feed resources in order to reduce the need for fish meal and fish oil. This may include resources such as species from lower trophic levels, by-products and by-catch from fisheries and aquaculture, animal by-products, plants, genetically modified (GM) plants, nutritionally enhanced GM plants and products from microorganisms and GM microorganisms. Here, we report on a deliberative assessment of these alternative feed resources, involving 18 participants from different interest groups within (...)
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  6.  25
    Nanotechnologyand risk: What are the issues?Anne Ingeborg Myhr & Roy Ambli Dalmo - forthcoming - Nanoethics: The Ethical and Social Implications of Nanotechnology.
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  7.  38
    Precaution or Integrated Responsibility Approach to Nanovaccines in Fish Farming? A Critical Appraisal of the UNESCO Precautionary Principle.Anne Ingeborg Myhr & Bjørn K. Myskja - 2011 - NanoEthics 5 (1):73-86.
    Nanoparticles have multifaceted advantages in drug administration as vaccine delivery and hence hold promises for improving protection of farmed fish against diseases caused by pathogens. However, there are concerns that the benefits associated with distribution of nanoparticles may also be accompanied with risks to the environment and health. The complexity of the natural and social systems involved implies that the information acquired in quantified risk assessments may be inadequate for evidence-based decisions. One controversial strategy for dealing with this kind of (...)
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  8.  20
    Vitenskapelig usikkerhet – etiske utfordringer for forskning og forvaltning.Frøydis Gillund & Anne Ingeborg Myhr - 2007 - Etikk I Praksis - Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics 1 (1):97-120.
    En stor del av dagens forskningsaktivitet er knyttet til utvikling av ny teknologi. Teknologiutvikling anses gjerne som et gode, fordi den bidrar til økt eller ny bruk av naturlige ressurser til beste for menneskers generelle levekår og helse, samt miljøet og samfunnet som helhet. Bruk av ny teknologi innebærer imidlertid også risiko for uønskede effekter. Risikovurderinger er ofte preget av vitenskapelig usikkerhet, spesielt med hensyn til effekter som oppstår over tid. Denne usikkerheten reiser nye etiske dilemmaer og gjør det nødvendig (...)
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  9.  30
    The Challenge of Scientific Uncertainty and Disunity in Risk Assessment and Management of GM Crops.Anne Ingeborg Myhr - 2010 - Environmental Values 19 (1):7-31.
    The controversy over commercial releases of genetically modified crops demonstrates that there is a need for new approaches that are more broadly based, transparent and able to acknowledge the uncertainties involved. This article investigates whether new forms of knowledge production as prescribed in the concept of post-normal science can improve risk governance of GM crops. The GM science review carried out in the UK in 2003 serves as a case study and the focus is on how scientific uncertainty and public (...)
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  10.  73
    Sustainable Aquaculture: Are We Getting There? Ethical Perspectives on Salmon Farming. [REVIEW]Ingrid Olesen, Anne Ingeborg Myhr & G. Kristin Rosendal - 2011 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 24 (4):381-408.
    Aquaculture is the fastest growing animal producing sector in the world and is expected to play an important role in global food supply. Along with this growth, concerns have been raised about the environmental effects of escapees and pollution, fish welfare, and consumer health as well as the use of marine resources for producing fish feed. In this paper we present some of the major challenges salmon farming is facing today. We discuss issues of relevance to how to ensure sustainability, (...)
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  11.  92
    A Precautionary Approach to Genetically Modified Organisms: Challenges and Implications for Policy and Science. [REVIEW]Anne Ingeborg Myhr - 2010 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 23 (6):501-525.
    The commercial introduction of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has revealed a broad range of views among scientists and other stakeholders on perspectives of genetic engineering (GE) and if and how GMOs should be regulated. Within this controversy, the precautionary principle has become a contentious issue with high support from skeptical groups but resisted by GMO advocates. How to handle lack of scientific understanding and scientific disagreement are core issues within these debates. This article examines some of the key issues affecting (...)
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  12.  66
    Genetically modified (GM) crops: Precautionary science and conflicts of interests. [REVIEW]Anne Ingeborg Myhr & Terje Traavik - 2003 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 16 (3):227-247.
    Risk governance of GM plants and GMfood products is presently subject to heatedscientific and public controversies. Scientistsand representatives of the biotechnologyindustry have dominated debates concerningsafety issues. The public is suspicious withregard to the motives of scientists, companies,and political institutions involved. Thedilemmas posed are nested, embracing valuequestions, scientific uncertainty, andcontextual issues. The obvious lack of data andinsufficient information concerning ecologicaleffects call for application of thePrecautionary Principle (PP). There are,however, divergent opinions among scientistsabout the relevance of putative hazards,definition of potential ``adverse effects,'' (...)
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  13.  45
    Sustainable development and norwegian genetic engineering regulations: Applications, impacts, and challenges. [REVIEW]Anne Ingeborg Myhr & Terje Traavik - 2003 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 16 (4):317-335.
    The main purpose of The NorwegianGene Technology Act (1993) is to enforcecontainment of genetically modified organisms(GMOs) and control of GMO releases.Furthermore, the Act intends to ensure that``production and use of GMOs should take placein an ethically and socially justifiable way,in accordance with the principle of sustainabledevelopment and without detrimental effects tohealth and the environment.'' Hence it isobvious that, for the Norwegian authorities,sustainable development is a normativeguideline when evaluating acceptableconsequences of GMO use and production. Inaccordance with this, we have investigated theextent (...)
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  14.  85
    The precautionary principle: Scientific uncertainty and omitted research in the context of GMO use and release. [REVIEW]Anne Ingeborg Myhr & Terje Traavik - 2002 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 15 (1):73-86.
    Commercialization of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have sparked profound controversies concerning adequate approaches to risk regulation. Scientific uncertainty and ambiguity, omitted research areas, and lack of basic knowledge crucial to risk assessmentshave become apparent. The objective of this article is to discuss the policy and practical implementation of the Precautionary Principle. A major conclusion is that the void in scientific understanding concerning risks posed by secondary effects and the complexity ofcause-effect relations warrant further research. Initiatives to approach the acceptance or (...)
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  15.  49
    Mapping Uncertainties in the Upstream: The Case of PLGA Nanoparticles in Salmon Vaccines. [REVIEW]Kåre Nolde Nielsen, Børge Nilsen Fredriksen & Anne Ingeborg Myhr - 2011 - NanoEthics 5 (1):57-71.
    The diversity of nanotechnologies and of the governance challenges that their applications raise calls for exploration and learning across different cases. We present an Upstream Oversight Assessment (UOA) of expected benefits and potential harms of nanoparticles made of a synthetic polymer (PLGA) to improve vaccines for farmed salmon. Suggested by Jennifer Kuzma and colleagues, an UOA may help identify and prioritise research needs, and it may support evaluations of the adequacy of relevant existing regulatory frameworks. In this work, the UOA (...)
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