The Thrace Basin that is located in northwestern Turkey contains sandstone and carbonate reservoirs of Eocene and Oligocene age. Production and exploration activities are still underway. Mapping undrained sweet spots from seismic data is currently a challenge, so time lapse seismic is used to reduce the risk for new production and development drilling. We have evaluated the normalization and amplitude variation with offset analysis of 3D-4D land seismic data in a gas producing field from which baseline and monitor surveys were (...) acquired in 2002 and 2011, respectively. Through AVO analysis, intercept and gradient analysis was conducted, and fluid factor attribute maps were generated for the assessment of the remaining potential areas. Synthetic gathers were created for simulation of the AVO response, drained and undrained stages and compared with the corresponding 4D seismic data. The drainage of gas from the reservoir interval is evident from the difference maps between 2002 and 2011 seismic data. Both data sets were processed using an amplitude friendly processing sequence. This parallel processing was followed a mild data conditioning and crossequalization for reliable 4D interpretation. The 4D seismic data, especially land data, has low repeatability and requires conditioning to reduce the 4D noise. The 4D noise can be described as nonrepeatable noise, and any difference outside the reservoir zone is not related to production. A so-called crossequalization was applied to the base and the monitor data to bring out similarities so that they cancel out when differences of seismic data and its attributes indicated only the production results over the reservoir zones. As the available 4D data crossequalization software was implemented for stack data only, we created angle band stacks and crossequalized each angle band stack from the base and the monitor data cubes. Five angle band stacks from the base and the monitor prestack data cubes 0°–55° were crossequalized individually. The crossequalized angle band stacks were used in AVO analysis and AVO inversion to generate pore fill identifiers such as FF to map possible undrained zones after 10 years of production. (shrink)

Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, EarlyView.

This study focuses on two main arguments about the secularization of Protestant work ethic and the uniqueness of Islamic work ethic. By adopting a linguistic point of view, this study aims to grasp a common understanding of PWE and IWE in the field of work ethic research. For this purpose, 109 articles using the keywords PWE and IWE in their titles were analyzed using content analysis. The findings support the argument that emphasizes universally shared values of PWE. In addition, the (...) findings reveal that IWE provides a unique perspective on how to improve organizational performance, but at the same time differs in work orientation and commitment across cultures. (shrink)

Providing effective care to patients and making the right decisions in difficult working environments depend on moral sensitivity. Emotional intelligence and ethical sensitivity affect nursing care. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nursing students’ emotional intelligence and ethical sensitivity levels. The research employed a descriptive-correlational design, 201 nursing students studying at a university in the Central Anatolia region, Turkey, participated in the study. Students’ ethical sensitivity was found to be significant. The nursing students received the highest score in (...) the “Interpersonal Orientation” sub-dimension of the Moral Sensitivity Scale, while their lowest score was observed in the “Experiencing ethical dilemma” sub-dimension. The SSREIT and MMSQSN total scores of the students who willingly chose the nursing department and loved their field were found to be higher. It was found that the ethical sensitivity of nursing students was at a significant level and gender, family type, having sibling and perception of economic status affected the level of ethical sensitivity. (shrink)

Worries about leadership is a new construct tapping worries an individual may feel about possible negative consequences of accepting a leadership role. Three studies investigate how WAL is associated with men’s and women’s willingness for leadership and their perceived leadership potential rated by others. The first is a laboratory study on 328 participants, which shows that WAL is negatively associated with women’s willingness for leadership, while it is not related to that of men. The second study, which is a field (...) study with multilevel-nested data from 429 employees and 101 supervisors, reveals that male subordinates are more likely to receive a favorable judgment of leadership potential by their supervisors when their WAL increases, while female subordinates’ WAL is irrelevant to this judgment. The final study, which is an experimental study on 122 supervisors, shows that supervisors view hypothetical male leadership candidates with high WAL as having higher warmth and lower competence, which both mediate the effect of WAL on judgments of their leadership potential made by the supervisors. Even though supervisors also view female candidates with high WAL as warmer, this does not evoke higher perceptions of leadership potential. Implications for increasing gender parity in leadership are discussed. (shrink)

It is possible to say that the modern culture in Turkey leans against the Western culture-civilization understanding, system of values in terms of both lifestyle and philosophy of life in other words it is a European-based (Eurocentric) culture. Missionaries’ paternalistic attitudes and contribution to the fact that nations neglect and even despise of their cultures, values and perceptions based on their own belief systems is worth discussing. To reveal the struggles to achieve their plans during the colonialism age, and motivational (...) elements of the missionaries who sustain their activities today although they have been suspected for centuries due to the methods they have used and the close relations they have had with the politics should be enlightening in understanding the present of missionary discussions which has not lost/ will never lose its place in the agenda. In this context, it is necessary to research the organizational structure and mission understanding of missionary societies that worked most effectively in Arab provinces of the empire, and the arguments developed to identify this understanding for the purposes of better assessment of the missionary movement that is still in progress both in our country and around the world. (shrink)

Technological developments in recent years have brought about a rapid increase in the number and variety of organ transplants, leading to problems in finding enough organs to meet the need. Organ transplantation has also become a particularly significant issue in medical ethics, especially regarding the question of how and from whom organs are procured. Many methods have been tried in order to solve these problems and discussed from an ethical perspective. This study investigates the Spanish, Belgian and Iranian approaches to (...) solving the organ procurement problem. The Spanish model, which is based on persuading patients and their relatives, is ethically less problematic and is also an improved version of the model applied in Turkey. This study argues that an ideal solution can be found without disregarding ethical rules. In particular, nurses can contribute by helping to run the system more efficiently. The principal aim of this article is to demonstrate the contribution of nurses to solving the current organ procurement problem in Turkey and offer some reflections on what can be done to improve the efficiency of the system. (shrink)

In the Phenomenology of Spirit, chapter IV, Hegel attempts to show how consciousness becomes self-consciousness. Self-consciousness manifests itself both as the ground on which it makes its object opposite to itself, and as a higher truth by demolishing the otherness of its object in order to preserve it for self-consciousness. Since it presupposes itself as the inner truth (or ground) it realizes itself both as the origin and the aim of desire. In other words, by virtue of presupposing its identity (...) in its dissolution, self-consciousness desires to re-constitute the unity with itself. Therefore, it grasps everything else as a negative object of desire in advance. That is to say, its appearance seems to be an ‘obstacle’ before its satisfaction. However, through experience of negating, self-consciousness learns that its object is also a ‘means’ (i.e., has truth or positive aspect) for its end point. It realizes this latter aspect of its object especially when it is faced with another self-consciousness. At this level, self-consciousness comes to see that there is a counter-balance of opposing powers between itself and the other self-consciousness. This counter-balance leads both self-consciousness to a mutual recognition and, then satisfaction of mutual desires. Therefore, since both the origin and the aim of desire is self-consciousness itself, it (self-consciousness) grasps itself as the positive (real) object of desire and then discerns in the mutual recognition the positive aspect of another which was taken as a negative element before. The satisfaction of desire begins with realizing this positive aspect of another self-consciousness. (shrink)

The term `mobbing' is defined as antagonistic behaviors with unethical communication directed systematically at one individual by one or more individuals in the workplace. This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted for the purpose of determining the mobbing behaviors encountered by nursing school teaching staff in Turkey, its effect on them, and their responses to them. A large percentage (91%) of the nursing school employees who participated in this study reported that they had encountered mobbing behaviors in the institution where (...) they work and 17% that they had been directly exposed to mobbing in the workplace. The academic staff who had been exposed to mobbing behaviors experienced various physiological, emotional and social reactions. They frequently `worked harder and [were] more organized' and `worked very carefully to avoid criticism' to escape from mobbing. In addition, 9% of the participants stated that they `thought about suicide occasionally'. (shrink)

Machine generated contents note: List of figures; List of tables; Editors; Contributors; Editors' acknowledgements; Part I. The Conceptual Challenge of Researching Trust Across Different 'Cultural Spheres': 1. Introduction: unraveling the complexities of trust and culture Graham Dietz, Nicole Gillespie and Georgia Chao; 2. Trust differences across national-societal cultures: much to do or much ado about nothing? Donald L. Ferrin and Nicole Gillespie; 3. Towards a context-sensitive approach to researching trust in inter-organizational relationships Reinhard Bachmann; 4. Making sense of trust across (...) cultural contexts Alex Wright and Ina Ehnert; Part II. Trust Across Different 'Cultural Spheres': Inter-Organizational Studies: 5. Examining the relationship between trust and culture in the consultant-client relationship Stephanos Avakian, Timothy Clark and Joanne Roberts; 6. Checking, not trusting: trust, distrust and cultural experience in the auditing profession Mark R. Dibben and Jacob M. Rose; 7. Trust barriers in cross-cultural negotiations: a social psychological analysis Roderick M. Kramer; 8. Trust development in German-Ukrainian business relationships: dealing with cultural differences in an uncertain institutional context Guido Möllering and Florian Stache; 9. Culture and trust in contractual relationships: a French-Lebanese cooperation Hèla Yousfi; 10. Evolving institutions of trust: personalized and institutional bases of trust in Nigerian and Ghanaian food trading Fergus Lyon and Gina Porter; Part III. Trust Across Different 'Cultural Spheres': Intra-Organizational Studies: 11. The role of trust in international cooperation in crisis areas: a comparison of German and US-American NGO partnership strategies L. Ripley Smith and Ulrike Schwegler; 12. Antecedents of supervisor trust in collectivist cultures: evidence from Turkey and China S. Arzu Wasti and Hwee Hoon Tan; 13. Trust in turbulent times: organizational change and the consequences for intra-organizational trust Veronica Hope-Hailey, Elaine Farndale and Clare Kelliher; 14. The implications of language boundaries on the development of trust in international management teams Jane Kassis Henderson; 15. The dynamics of trust across cultures in family firms Isabelle Mari; Part IV. Conclusions and Ways Forward: 16. Conclusions and ways forward Mark N. K. Saunders, Denise Skinner and Roy J. Lewicki; Index. (shrink)

Ölümcül Hastalık Umutsuzluk adlı eserinde umutsuzluğu, ben’in bir hastalığı ve kendine yönelen bir ilişkinin sonucu olarak ele alan Danimarkalı filozof Søren Aabye Kierkegaard, bu hastalığın kişide üç farklı şekilde görülebileceğini öne sürmüştür: “(a) bir ben’i olduğunun farkında olmayan umutsuz kişi, (b) kendisi olmak isteyen umutsuz kişi ve (c) kendisi olmak istemeyen umutsuz kişi.” Kierkegaard’a göre kendi ben’ininden kurtulmak isteyen kişi, “olmak istediği ben” hâline gelemediği için olduğu ben’ine katlanamamakta ve bu nedenle umutsuzluk yaşamaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında Kierkegaard’ın benlik ve umutsuzluk (...) ilişkisi üzerine yaptığı bu tespitin, sosyal psikoloji alanının önde gelen araştırmacılarından biri olan Edward Tory Higgins’ın Benlik Uyuşmazlıkları Kuramı üzerinden okunabileceği öngörülmektedir. Higgins, geliştirdiği kuramda çoklu bir benlik ayrımına gitmekte ve benliği gerçek benlik, ideal benlik ve olması gereken benlik olmak üzere üç alana ayırmaktadır. Bu ayrıma göre gerçek benlik, kişinin sahip olduğunu düşündüğü özelliklerin; ideal benlik, kişinin kendisi olmak için idealde sahip olmayı arzu ettiği özelliklerin; olması gereken benlik ise kişinin taşımak zorunda olduğunu düşündüğü özelliklerin bir bütününü temsil etmektedir. Söz konusu özellikler, kişinin kendi kişisel bakış açısına dayalı olabileceği gibi başkalarının bakış açısından da kaynaklanabilmektedir. Higgins’a göre ikili benlik durumları arasındaki uyuşmazlık (örneğin gerçek benlik-ideal benlik ya da gerçek benlik-olması gereken benlik) kişide, kendi beklentilerini ya da başkalarının beklentilerini karşılamada yetersiz kaldığı yönünde negatif duyuşlar yaratmaktadır. Bu duyuşlar arasında depresyonun bir parçası olan umutsuzluk da yer almaktadır. Şimdiki çalışma Kierkegaard’ın tasvir ettiği “olmak istediği ben hâline gelemediği için olduğu ben’ine katlanamayıp umutsuzluğa yakalanan” kişinin içinde bulunduğu durumu, Higgins’ın öne sürdüğü “gerçek benlik-ideal benlik uyuşmazlığının depresyonla (dolayısıyla umutsuzlukla) ilişkili olabileceği” argümanıyla ilişkili bir biçimde ele almayı ve bu yolla benlik ve umutsuzluk ilişkisini felsefe ve psikoloji disiplinlerinin kesişiminde incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. (shrink)

Bu makale, Osmanlı döneminde, on yedinci yüzyılın ortası ile on sekizinci yüzyılın başında yaşamış olan Müneccimbaşı Ahmed Dede’nin ahlâk, ev idaresi ve siyasetten meydana gelen pratik felsefe türündeki Şerhu’l-Ahlâki’l-Adud şerhinin ahlâk ilmi bölümünü inceleme konusu yapmaktadır. Bu incelemenin iki iddiasından söz edilebilir. Birincisi, Müneccimbaşı ve yazdığı şerh, ahlâk felsefesi veya pratik felsefe açısından ve yazıldığı dönem dikkate alındığında, kadim olandan hareketle yenilenme veya kadim olanı güncelleme olarak tanımlanabilir. Fakat felsefî ahlâk bağlamında, kadim olanı yenileme veya güncelleme, yöntemlerin ayrıştırılması şeklinde değil, (...) yöntemlerin bütünleştirilme alanının daha da genişletilmesi çerçevesinde gerçekleştirilmek istenmiştir. İkinci iddia ise, İşrâkî hikmetin amacı olan soyut nurların hakikatini görmek ve bilmek için Meşşâî felsefedeki insanî nefsin düşünce gücünün erdemi olan hikmet vasıtasıyla insanî nefsin arzu ve öfke gücünden kaynaklanan huyları ve davranışları nicelik ve nitelik açısından orta ve itidalli hale getirme anlamına gelen erdem teorisinin tasavvufî düşünceye ait olan bedensel ve cismanî hazlardan ve diğer şeylerden riyazet ve mücahedeyle arınma ve soyutlanma yöntemiyle birleştirilmesinin problemli olduğunu ifade etmektir. (shrink)

Budizm, Hinduzim’e tepki olarak ortaya çıkan bir inanç sistemidir. Buda, bu dinin kurucusudur. Budizm daha çok Buda’nın hayatı ve görüşleri çerçevesinde şekillenir. Özellikle Buda’nın vaazları bu dinin yayılmasını sağlayan önemli konuşmalardır. Bu çerçevede Ateş Vaazı Budistler arasında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Ateş simgesi ile özdeşleşen bu vaaz, Budizm için bir kırılma eşiğidir. Bu vaazdan sonra yüzlerce keşiş Buda’nın yolunu izler. Genel olarak dini ve felsefi bir içeriğe sahip olan vaaz, keşişleri kurtuluşa davet eder. Buda bu vaaz aracılığıyla kendi yaşam serüvenini (...) ve ulaştığı sonuçları takipçilerine anlatır. Budizm’in inanç hayatı hakkında derli toplu bilgiler veren Ateş Vaazı, insanın bu dünyada yanılma nedenlerini ortaya koyar. Arzu, tutku ve nefretin acılara neden olduğundan söz eder. Tenasüh sürecinin insanı yıprattığını dile getiren vaaz, keşişler için kurtuluş yolu olarak Nirvana’yı önerir. Buda incir ağacının altında Nirvana’ya ulaşır. Burada pişer ve hakikati keşfeder. Buda bu vaaz aracılığıyla takipçilerinin de pişerek olgunlaşmasını önerir. Bu çerçevede bu çalışmada önce Budizm’in kısa bir geçmişi sonra Buda’nın hayatına yer verildi. Böylece Ateş Vaazı’nın ortaya çıkma süreci ve zemini ele alındı. Son olarak bu vaazın neyi, nasıl anlattığı ve ne gibi mesajlar verdiği ortaya konuldu. (shrink)