Foucault’s work is rich enough to sustain multiple readings. I argue in this paper for the continued construction and maintenance of what I have called the ‘American Foucault’, whose principal preoccupation is with the question of how to be free within our contemporary political constraints and possibilities. (Such a Foucault can be found in the works of American writers such as W. E. Connolly, Todd May, and Thomas Dumm.) Appreciation of Foucault’s contribution to an understanding of freedom is too often (...) hampered, however, by the insistence on the part of many of the most influential of Foucault’s critics (and some of his defenders) that his particular mode of thinking is ultimately too irresponsible. It is thought that Foucault’s refusal to account for the grounds of his work vitiates his overall project. I argue that, if we distinguish between the ‘account-ability’ demanded by his critics and the ‘response-ability’ that his work permits, we will be in a better position to appreciate the timeliness of his conception of freedom. (shrink)

El objetivo de este trabajo es sostener el carácter epocal de la tecnología, lo cual requirió la convergencia de transformaciones intelectuales como sociales. Las observaciones de Hans Blumenberg en torno a una historia espiritual de la tecnología, que desplaza las perspectivas antropológicas y cientificistas de esta, constituyen una piedra de toque fundamental para esta comprensión. La tecnología en tanto fenómeno histórico es un tema y signatura de una época particular la Modernidad. Así, Blumenberg sitúa la emergencia de la tecnología en (...) sus análisis del tránsito de la Edad Media a la Modernidad, subrayando como la preocupación por la teología de la creación de la escolástica tardía se pone en cuestión y se abre una nueva vía: la autoafirmación del ser humano. Es en este cambio de época que la tecnología adquiere un nuevo estatus, impensado anteriormente, como una vía de autoafirmación del ser humano. La historia espiritual de la tecnología desplaza la historia de los inventores y las invenciones, así como niega la posición de que la tecnología sea una mera aplicación de la ciencia. En contrario, la impronta “espiritual” remite a la investigación de los presupuestos históricos que hacen posible su emergencia, así como las recepciones/innovaciones que la tecnología ha producido. (shrink)

Mediante el análisis de las categorías: educación bancaria, educación liberadora y método pedagógico, planteadas por Paulo Freire, se reconoce que la primera deshumaniza a los sujetos que requieren ser emancipados, la segunda constituye el espacio para el desarrollo de una conciencia crítica, y mediante la tercera es posible la concientización en aras de una verdadera transformación social.

Decision-making capacity in children and adolescents in healthcare requires thorough assessment: the minor's maturity, understanding of the decision, risk of the situation and contextual factors needs to be explored. The intention was to design and validate a test—the Maturtest—to assess the maturity of minors in decision-making processes in healthcare. A reasoning test on moral conflicts for adolescents was designed to infer the degree of maturity of minors applied to decision-making regarding their own health. The test was completed by a sample (...) of 441 adolescents aged from twelve to sixteen, with a corresponding analysis of their psychometric skills to measure feasibility, viability, reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change. Psychometric test results showed viability, reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change. High correlation between the test score and the reference method were notable. A high stability was obtained with an intraclass correlation coefficient. The average response time of the test was twenty-three minutes. This test measures the moral maturity of adolescents. It is presented as an objective, useful, valid, reliable tool, easy to fill out, edit and apply in a healthcare context. It helps to assess the maturity of minors faced with a decision. (shrink)

Obesity is characterized by the accumulation of an excessive amount of fat mass in the adipose tissue, subcutaneous, or inside certain organs. The risk does not lie so much in the amount of fat accumulated as in its distribution. Abdominal obesity is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer, having an important role in the so-called metabolic syndrome. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent, detect, and appropriately treat obesity. The diagnosis is based on anthropometric indices that have (...) been associated with adiposity and its distribution. Indices themselves, or a combination of some of them, conform to a big picture with different values to establish risk. Anthropometric indices can be used for risk identification, intervention, or impact evaluation on nutritional status or health; therefore, they will be called anthropometric health indicators. We have found 17 AHIs that can be obtained or estimated from 3D human shapes, being a noninvasive alternative compared to X-ray-based systems, and more accessible than high-cost equipment. A literature review has been conducted to analyze the following information for each indicator: definition; main calculation or obtaining methods used; health aspects associated with the indicator ; criteria to classify the population by means of percentiles or cutoff points, and based on variables such as sex, age, ethnicity, or geographic area, and limitations. (shrink)

We all know the numbers: two million US troops were deployed to designated combat zones in Iraq. Of them, 4500 were killed in service. By the most conservative estimates, 30,000 were wounded, but this statistic fails to take into account the most commona and often just as disablinga category of combat-related injuries: post-traumatic stress disorder and related traumatic brain injury. For 'Army of One', photographer Elisabeth Real looks beyond these numbers to the individual soldier. From 2006 to 2012, she spent (...) time with six men who served in Iraq and whose lives have been irreversibly altered by the war. (shrink)

The author examines the outstanding texts in Saint Augustine's works about hapiness -specially in De beata uita, Confessiones, and De Trinitate-, in order to establish interlinking points with the Ciceronian books related to this subject. The Hortensius (specially frg. 36, 39 and 79 Müller), is a reiterated and coincident reference in the different Augustine's works. It also acts as a key into other many passages of the classical philosophical tradition. On the other hand, Augustin modifies and perfects elements there contained, (...) because of his assimilation of the New Testament tradition related to this topic. (shrink)

The most recent studies concerning the compositional structure of Seneca's dialogues all agree in stating that its basic organization is due to rhetorical criteria. From this perspective, the article analyzes the general nature of refutation in Consolatio ad Helviam matrem as well as different passages from the dialogue, traditionally considered to be digressions, in order to establish its functionality. We can see from this that the apparently deliberative tenor of the Consolation is endowed with judicial and epideictic elements, and can (...) thus clarify its compositional sequence and lines of thought. (shrink)

We propose a lexical account of event nouns, in particular of deverbal nominalisations, whose meaning is related to the event expressed by their base verb. The literature on nominalisations often assumes that the semantics of the base verb completely defines the structure of action nominals. We argue that the information in the base verb is not sufficient to completely determine the semantics of action nominals. We exhibit some data from different languages, especially from Romance language, which show that nominalisations focus (...) on some aspects of the verb semantics. The selected aspects, however, seem to be idiosyncratic and do not automatically result from the internal structure of the verb nor from its interaction with the morphological suffix. We therefore propose a partially lexicalist approach view of deverbal nouns. It is made precise and computable by using the Montagovian generative lexicon, a type theoretical framework introduced by Bassac, Mery and Retoré in this journal in 2010. This extension of Montague semantics with a richer type system easily incorporates lexical phenomena like the semantics of action nominals in particular deverbals, including their polysemy and felicitous copredications. (shrink)

We propose a lexical account of event nouns, in particular of deverbal nominalisations, whose meaning is related to the event expressed by their base verb. The literature on nominalisations often assumes that the semantics of the base verb completely defines the structure of action nominals. We argue that the information in the base verb is not sufficient to completely determine the semantics of action nominals. We exhibit some data from different languages, especially from Romance language, which show that nominalisations focus (...) on some aspects of the verb semantics. The selected aspects, however, seem to be idiosyncratic and do not automatically result from the internal structure of the verb nor from its interaction with the morphological suffix. We therefore propose a partially lexicalist approach view of deverbal nouns. It is made precise and computable by using the Montagovian generative lexicon, a type theoretical framework introduced by Bassac, Mery and Retoré in this journal in 2010. This extension of Montague semantics with a richer type system easily incorporates lexical phenomena like the semantics of action nominals in particular deverbals, including their polysemy and felicitous copredications. (shrink)

Les travaux de Régine Le Jan sur la société du haut Moyen Âge ont, par leurs thématiques et leurs approches souvent novatrices, fortement marqué la recherche française et internationale depuis une trentaine d’années. Pour rendre hommage à l’importance de son œuvre, ses élèves, collègues et amis chercheurs lui ont consacré, non pas un, mais deux ouvrages collectifs afin de couvrir l’ensemble de ses thèmes de recherche. Le présent volume constitue le 2e volet de ces Mélanges et comprend trente...

Miranda Barbosa, inspirado na filosofia aristotélico-tomista, tentou construir o edifício de uma lógica pura, a priori, sem fundamentação nem na gnosiologia nem na ontologia. Neste sentido, subordina as contribuições da lógica matemática, do existencialismo e da fenomenologia ao seu intento maior. Por isso o designamos como “o último clássico” da filosofia em Portugal.

Após a instauração da República em 1910, irrompe uma ideologia nacionalista refundadora de Portugal, no sentido de reveladora dos valores clássicos de Portugal, na qual se distinguem Teixeira de Pascoaes, lírico e providencialista, messiânico, e António Sardinha, monárquico, fundador do movimento do “Integralismo Lusitano”. Este artigo procura analisar estas duas orientações, pondo em evidência o respectivo contexto e intentando uma compreensão dos respectivos significados.

Este artículo examina el significado del desarrollo humano integral propugnado por Benedicto XVI en Caritas in veritate, destacando su continuidad con Populorum progressio y, en general, con el magisterio social precedente. Tras dar razón del vínculo existente entre la economía, la ética y la antropología, el autor trata de espigar las principales orientaciones ético-económicas que han sido propuestas en esa última encíclica social con vistas a un tal desarrollo, articulándolas a partir de dos concepciones antropológicas de honda raigambre en la (...) doctrina social de la Iglesia, a saber, la dignidad humana y el personalismo comunitario.Comenta, finalmente, la relevancia económica de la antropología cristiana y su potencial crítico frente al homo oeconomicus, así como la capacidad de interlocución con diversas corrientes de pensamiento contemporáneas que dicha antropología proporciona a la doctrina social de la Iglesia.This article examines the meaning of the human, complete development defended by Benedict XVI in Caritas in veritate, emphasizing its continuity with Populorum progessio and with the previous social teaching in general. After stating the existing link between economy, ethics and anthropology, the author tries to select the main ethic-economic orientations proposed in that last social encyclical in relation to a such development, and structures them beginning with two anthropological conceptions deep-rooted in the social doctrine of the church, that is, human dignity and personalism of the community. Finally, the article comments on the economic importance of Christian anthropology and its critical potential against the homo oeconomicus, as well as the capacity of being an interlocutor with several contemporary trends of thought that anthropology provides the social doctrine of the church with. (shrink)