The author deals with one aspect of the justification of governmental action and its product (the law). He focuses on the authoritative character of legal rule, analyzing the apparent capacity of governments to produce reasons for action not grounded on substantive moral considerations. The assumption of that capacity seems necessary in order to establish a general moral obligation to obey a government irrespective of the actions required. This question is faced in connection with the thesis that only a particular form (...) of government, democracy, is morally justified insofar as it rests on legal rules issued by a legitimate source. (shrink)

This paper presents an alternative view for understanding abduction as "inference to the best explanation", than can account from the simplest perception to the introduction of any new ideas. Subsequently the view offered is applied to medical practice and some consequences are extracted for it. The discussion is considered in the context of Peirce's theories of men classification, fixation of belief and inquiry.

La educación latinoamericana se convierte hoy en privilegiado objeto de crítica y desvelo,así como de esperanza puesta en el fruto de tantos esfuerzos encaminados a transformarlay mejorarla. Empero, si no queremos, como parece estar ocurriendo actualmente,que tales transformaciones queden bajo la orientación casi exclusiva de poderes regidospor predominantes intereses económicos y de mercado, se hace necesario el concurso demúltiples saberes, uno indispensable, la filosofía.Contribución esencial a este menester, es la propuesta del presente trabajo, la puede brindarcon creces el pensamiento de (...) Xavier Zubiri y su creador discípulo Ignacio Ellacuría.En efecto, como se intentará mostrar, el horizonte de la filosofía de la realidad históricapermite asumir el quehacer educativo en la perspectiva de una praxis que vaya más alláde los seculares intentos de aculturación uniformadora o de los renovados propósitos dediferenciación excluyente, unos y otros corrosivos de la riqueza multicultural de los pueblosde nuestra América y negadores de la posibilidad de construir un proyecto históricocomún de mayor justicia y libertad. (shrink)

Abstract:This paper presents a model of the continuous structure of Cognition based on several theses proposed by Charles S. Peirce in his youth and in his mature period. In this model, cognitions are discontinuous parts on a continuum and a cognitive process becomes “individually-synthetic,” as a hypostatic abstraction from discontinuous transformations of informational fluxes in the continuous course of experience. That is, they are salient regions or neighborhoods on a continuum rather than points, and the relations of succession and precession (...) among them are inferential, fluid, time sensitive, and goal-directed. First, this paper will outline the theses found in the young Peirce’s work, which inspire a conception of continuous Cognition. Two questions will be raised regarding such a conception: (1) at what point does a particular act of cognition conclude? and (2) how should we characterize individual cognitions? To address these questions, the paper will later introduce the concept of continuity that Peirce developed in his mature years. The synthetic character of the continuum leads to the formulation of the concepts of neighborhood and synthetic individuality. These notions support the conception of a continuous model of Cognition in which the relations of succession and precession between individual finite cognitions are explained. The paper ends with a brief reflection regarding the possibility of developing this model of continuous Cognition as a theory of extended cognition. (shrink)

La presente investigación ciñe su interés en llevar a cabo un análisis del pensamiento hegeliano-kantiano utilizado para construir el concepto de sustancia como sujeto y su relación con la formación del conocimiento real dentro de la conciencia. Por tanto, comenzamos teorizando desde el postulado de la filosofía kantiana dónde se desarrolla el significado de nóumeno y sus consecuencias en el terreno práctico visto desde su obra Crítica de la razón pura. Partimos de este escenario porque, consideramos que gran parte de (...) la explicación epistemológica de la Fenomenología del espíritu enunciada por Hegel, se edifica a raíz de su confrontación con el criticismo de Kant. En conclusión, la especificidad de los problemas y controversias que ambas filosofías comparten, hacen necesario reflexionar y esclarecer sus apreciaciones acerca de la concepción del conocimiento, aunado a que, para educadores, psicólogos y sociólogos es imprescindible desentrañar las formas en que se concibe el conocimiento y, por tanto, la constitución de lo real desde ambas posturas epistemológicas. (shrink)

The health emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic revealed limitations in health systems worldwide, making it necessary to establish a bioethical framework that provides tools to drive health professionals’ decision-making amid scarce health resources. Bioethical models such as principlism, utilitarianism, and personalism seek to focus clinical decisions on respect for people’s rights and dignity, thus protecting the medical practice. Personalism provides a person-centered approach to respect for human dignity during health emergencies to avoid giving material meaning to the individual. Decision (...) criteria are required to face bioethical conflicts in clinical practice, reducing the legal, emotional, and ethical burden of decision-making in pandemic situations. (shrink)

1. La definición de "derecho" y de "norma jurídica".--2. Los conceptos básicos del derecho.--3. El concepto de sistema jurídico y la validez moral.--4. La ciencia del derecho y la interpretación jurídica.

The essays in this volume concern the topic of legal rights, how they are related to morality, the place of rights on moral theory, and the legal recognition of rights.

Many writers interested in Kelsen's concept of validity state that it is primarily related to such issues as the identity of a legal system, the membership of particular norms in a legal system, its internal consistency, and so on. The result is that for many, Kelsen's concept of validity bears no affinity to the idea of validity prevailing in traditional legal philosophy. This chapter argues that this reading of Kelsen's concept of validity is mistaken. Proponents of this reading have been (...) led to disregard important aspects of Kelsen's theory, formulating unwarranted and tortuous interpretations of it in order to show how it deals with issues that are erroneously supposed to be primarily connected to its concept of validity. It is shown that Kelsen's theory, like traditional philosophical accounts of law, equates the validity of law with its binding force and its existence, and that it conceives of the ascription of validity as a normative judgement. (shrink)

La intención teórica de este artículo reside en la explicación ética-vitalista y la afirmación de la vida a través de una interpretación disímil de la conciencia que da sentido a la existencia, un devenir en la vida del hombre a través de las ideas nietzscheanas expuesta en su obra El nacimiento de la tragedia. Siendo el arte y no la religión, ni la ciencia, ni la moral la actividad que sólo el ser humano posee como búsqueda de una verdad originaria. (...) En síntesis, este escrito desea dar una explicación al hombre del sentido que él mismo le puede dar a la vida; a través de la experiencia trágica como creadora de su devenir y existencia, aceptando sus fuerzas instintivas desde la escisión Apolo-Dionisio y por medio del arte como forma de comprensión de la vida. (shrink)

El presente artículo tiene la intención de recuperar la idea nietzscheana de una moral trágica en su obra de juventud “El nacimiento de la tragedia”. Nietzsche nos propone el enfrentamiento entre dos esferas antitéticas e irreconciliables que se dependen mutuamente: Apolo y Dioni-sio, cuya subsistencia individual está en un eterno devenir de negación y aceptación entre am-bos, permitiendo así cuestionarnos y crear nuestra propia moral originaria. Por tanto, partien-do de lo racional a lo irracional y viceversa esto se vuelve algo (...) posible y real, pues nos permi-te forjar los límites de una nueva moral. En síntesis, hacer de la moral existente una moral trágica implica aceptar nuestros instintos, placeres y pasiones dionisiacas para conjuntarlos atemporalmente con la mesura, contemplación e ilusión apolínea: formando así desde estos antagónicos el devenir trágico del uno originario. (shrink)

The primary focus of this work is to show that it is possible to find a certain way to think the community, a very different kind of community to those ways of conceiving the community from a certain dialectic of inclusion and exclusion, defining an inside and an outside of the collective, a proper and improper. In that sense, we believe that through the aforementioned work emerges a concern for the community but in a rather shifted from how we usually (...) think this. When we think about a community experience through The Nights of Labor we refer to a certain attitude that opens possibilities of change and possibilities of being-in-common. (shrink)

The article outlines some consequences and tasks that open up from a critique of the metaphysics of substance made from Nietzsche onwards. An attempt is made to put in tension the modern figure of man and the contemporary forms of subjectivation. The article is an invitation to abandon the waiting, longing and postponement of another human being to come. Using an ethical proposal that places the body and life at the center, it raises the question of what can be the (...) new ways of inhabiting our time and experiencing the forces in dispute that constitute us without leaving this task for the future. Finally, it is proposed that these new ways of being in the world cannot aspire to be definitive if they seek to expand life, nor will they be produced from large-scale cultivation. (shrink)

El presente artículo tiene como principal propósito establecer las categorías conceptuales de la meta-seguridad y la meta-violencia aplicadas al caso del VRAEM en Perú después del fin del Sendero Luminoso. Para cumplir con lo anterior, la pregunta a resolver a lo largo del artículo es ¿por qué la región del VRAEM se configura como un espacio en el que el senderismo ha mutado y representa una amenaza para los operadores de seguridad peruanos? El trabajo integra perspectivas teóricas y empíricas alrededor (...) de la mutación y transformación de la violencia y la seguridad especialmente en la región del Valle de los ríos Apurímac, Ene y Mantaro. (shrink)

The dissonance experienced by the French pedagogue Joseph Jacotot in 1818 and collected by Jacques Rancière in The Ignorant Schoolmaster in 1987, could be considered not only as the proposal of a new educational paradigm or the criticism of some pedagogical models, but also as an invitation to think the notion of ‘emancipation’ and to examine further assumptions in some theories of emancipation. Accepting this challenge by Rancière and Jacotot, this article pursues a double aim: on the one hand, I (...) present Rancière’s critique against the dominant form in which emancipation has been thought; on the other hand, I evince two aspects that, according to Rancière, are crucial in the emancipatory process. (shrink)