Personal values have long been associated with individual decision behavior. The role played by personal values in decision making within an organization is less clear. Past research has found that managers tend to respond to ethical dilemmas situationally. This study examines the relationship between personal values and the ethical dimension of decision making using Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis. The study examines personal values as they relate to five types of ethical dilemmas. We found a significant positive contribution of altruistic (...) values to ethical decision making and a significant negative contribution of self-enhancement values to ethical decision making. (shrink)

"El pensador vagabundo. Estudios sobre Walter Benjamin", de varios autores, más que un libro es un homenaje a la obra de este gran pensador nominado como uno de los más valiosos e influyentes escritores de la humanidad. Walter Benjamin dejó por escrito miles de páginas que trataban de todo lo posible, hablando desde su infancia hasta el cambio que produjo la fotografía en el mundo artístico. Estos textos tienen el propósito de acercar al lector a este magnífico mundo del pensamiento (...) de Walter Benjamin. Los autores van entrelazando las ideas de este filósofo con sus seguidores más lucidos del ámbito de las humanidades, y así construyen un collage de la obra de Walter Benjamin, que por un lado nos acerca a su comprensión de los conceptos básicos, como por ejemplo, el de la historia y, en cambio, por otro establecen semejanzas entre sus escritos y el arte de Andy Warhol o Roberto Bolaño. (shrink)

EL LIBRO QUE PRESENTAMOS nace a partir de un proyecto de investigación y cooperación financiado por la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo, Apoyo a la formación de formadores y de investigadores en educación en Centroamérica, en el campo de la Teoría de la Educación. El objetivo final del proyecto ha sido la creación de un Grupo Internacional de investigación en temas de Teoría de la Educación, formado por profesores de Facultades de Educación de Universidades centroamericanas y españolas. (...) Entre las numerosas tareas que se han encomendado a dicho grupo una de ellas ha sido la de elaborar un texto de Teoría de la Educación para uso de estudiantes de grado. Todos los miembros del grupo son profesores universitarios y, por lo mismo, se ven implicados en la necesidad de elaborar disciplinas académicas que presenten y organicen, de manera sistemática, campos de contenidos actualizados. Todos esos campos de conocimiento se refieren a problemas que la educación y la formación presentan y que la época histórica resalta como particularmente relevantes. Pero, también, cada uno de ellos matiza la consideración de esos problemas desde las necesidades de los colectivos humanos con los que se encuentra comprometido. Son esas necesidades las que proporcionan la perspectiva desde la que llevamos a cabo nuestros estudios e investigaciones que, a su vez, suponen el capital en base al cual cooperar con el grupo en la transferencia de conocimiento y de resultados desde un punto de vista global y, más particularmente, en la elaboración de este texto. De este modo, el grupo, y el texto que presentamos, ha quedado aglutinado desde el interés común por la investigación y la reflexión sobre las cuestiones que la formación de los seres humanos plantea en los diferentes contextos de actividad pedagógica en los que cada uno de ellos se ve profesional y académicamente envuelto. Desde cada uno de esos contextos, afloran preguntas que enriquecen la perspectiva global desde la que interpretar los fenómenos educativos. No tomar en consideración las sensibilidades que alimentan los contextos particulares de formación puede llevar a que el tópico de la globalidad, derivado de las nuevas formas de transferencia de información, potencialmente valiosas, induzca formas de exclusión, intelectual y socialmente perniciosas. Porque podría llevar a tratar de construir una teoría general sobre la educación en la que se marginan situaciones reales, historias formativas que, por quedar excluidas, parcializan la perspectiva general, desde la que la formación de los seres humanos debe ser interpretada, por responsabilidad cognitiva. Pero, también las urgencias reflexivas y prácticas locales pueden justificar dejar de lado problemas que empobrecen el horizonte intelectual de la investigación posible y el estudio posible. Dos de estas sensibilidades quedaron explícitas desde el principio en el seno del grupo y marcan el devenir del texto. La primera se ponía de manifiesto desde países latinoamericanos donde la lucha contra el analfabetismo, la elevación cultural de la población adulta, constituye un objetivo prioritario en vistas al desarrollo cultural y social de la población; desde ellos, la movilización cultural de la comunidad resaltaba la importancia de las políticas educativas denominadas informales y el poliformismo necesario de los sistemas de acreditación cultural. Ello implica, para la reflexión teórica global sobre la formación, que el concepto de educación informal adquiere una relevancia teórica que todavía no ha sido asumida suficientemente, aunque se haya generalizado el concepto de educación a lo largo de la vida. Así como la urgencia general de reconsiderar globalmente las formas de acreditación cultural y la necesidad de mecanismos flexibles de reincorporación a los sistemas formales. Globalmente se advierte la importancia del concepto de cultura sostenible, porque en todos los países se presentan graves problemas culturales, de una u otra naturaleza, que sobrepasan la capacidad de los sistemas formales, mostrando que la formación, en vistas al comportamiento participativo y responsable, debe ser asumida como compromiso de toda la Comunidad, como un carácter de la ciudadanía madura. Esto lleva a reinterpretar y expandir el propio concepto de políticas culturales y a expandir el concepto de gobernabilidad; porque la promoción de la calidad de vida de las comunidades no depende únicamente de las políticas económicas, dado que globalmente no pueden garantizar la calidad moral del compromiso ciudadano. La segunda sensibilidad se ponía de manifiesto desde los miembros del grupo que trabajan en entornos de discapacidad o en entornos vitales vulnerados: disminuidos físicos o mentales, sujetos que han padecido maltrato o condicionados por la enfermedad. Si la formación es un requerimiento vital de todos los seres humanos, ese requerimiento donde mejor refleja su urgencia es precisamenteen las situaciones en las que queda más aparente su vulneración; por limitaciones históricas, biológicas o sociales. Son esas situaciones las que muestran, descarnadamente, que la formación compromete el proceso general de la humanización posible de cada ser humano. Estas situaciones deben incorporarse a la perspectiva antropológica general sobre la educación, desde el principio y por principio. Son esas situaciones, también, las que ilustran, por principio, que el proceso de formación forma parte del género de las acciones humanitarias, cuya consideración es indispensable para un proceso de humanización sostenible. Y son esas situaciones, marginadas o escamoteadas en la reflexión global, y que, de una u otra manera, se entreveran en todos los grupos humanos, en todas las culturas, en todos los territorios, las que delatan los puntos críticos por los que la sensibilidad moral detecta los aspectos insostenibles de la cultura, porque desvelan la vulnerabilidad y la vulneración de la condición humana. Profundizar en las razones y en los argumentos que justifican en la condición humana la plasticidad, que hace posible la vida saludable, en sentido global y pleno, lleva a la mejor comprensión de las razones por las que la condición humana, las condiciones de humanidad de la vida de los seres humanos, es vulnerable y puede ser vulnerada. La reflexión teórica y práctica sobre la formación, sobre la educación, busca descubrir las condiciones reales, de posibilidad y de límite, en las que en cada caso el proceso de humanización es posible y el compromiso humanitario es realizable. La reflexión sobre la formación, que busca perfeccionar el comportamiento humano, no puede soslayar la realidad aparente y generalizada por la que muchos seres humanos endurecen su sensibilidad, generan el maltrato o se satisfacen con la maldad. Es esta globalidad de perspectiva por la que el Grupo de Investigación manifestó y manifiesta estar interesado; al ponerla de manifiesto, comprobó que para alimentarla racionalmente debía situarse en un contexto interdisciplinar. Comprobó que la necesidad de alimentarla era poco discutible; pero, también comprobó, al mismo tiempo, que el esfuerzo intelectual necesario para implementarla era enormemente exigente. Que, por responsabilidad cognitiva, el investigador de la educación debe fomentar la misma apertura, intelectualmente abierta, que fomenta en sus estudiantes cuando le propone formación integral. La investigación en teoría de la educación reclama profundizar tanto en los mecanismos y procesos implicados en las mentes que se forman; profundizar, depurar y actualizar los contenidos de la formación que se propone; profundizar, depurar y actualizar en la gestión de los escenarios sociales reales en los que la formación se promueve. Es abrumadora la tarea; pero, también es capaz de satisfacer la más exigente de las curiosidades intelectuales. Exige una actitud abierta para el estudio, aunque las exigencias metodológicas de la investigación requieran de precisión y especialización en los problemas. Acogidos estos objetivos para elaborar el texto, el Grupo de Investigación ha tomado conciencia de la pluralidad de las líneas de investigación en las que cada uno se encuentra comprometido y de la necesidad de la reconstrucción permanente de su personal perspectiva global, mediante el respeto y la consideración pluridisciplinar de las aportaciones de otros de cara a la elaboración del texto final que presentamos. Ha quedado patente en la reflexión colectiva del grupo que las urgencias de responsabilidad local y personal consumían tiempo de reflexión abundante y que, frecuentemente, las demandas de proximidad limitaban la perspectiva, incluso razonablemente. Al confrontar las perspectivas personales elaboradas desde posiciones locales y personales diferentes se pudo advertir que el macroscopio necesario para reflexionar la formación de los seres humanos, la perspectiva global desde la que considerar la formación de los seres humanos, ha de encontrarse en los formadores, en los investigadores de la educación, en permanente estado de construcción; precisamente por hacerse sensible a todas las formas de exclusión. El Grupo de Investigación se propuso iniciar su recorrido, planteándose, desde la pluralidad de perspectivas personales, y en el marco de una sensibilidad abierta hacia la globalidad de la necesidad de la formación para todos los seres humanos, no tratando de construir un tratado cerrado, sino un programa abierto aunque fuese incompleto. Inició su andadura haciendo preguntas. Todos los miembros del grupo presentaron cuestiones por las que, desde su personal preocupación intelectual, se consideraban interpelados. Entre ellas destacamos las siguientes: • ¿Cuál es la importancia de la teoría de la educación en el momento actual? • ¿Existen las ciencias de la educación? • ¿Cómo integrar lo filosófico y lo pedagógico en el pensamiento educativo? • ¿En qué consiste elaborar una teoría de la educación cívica? • ¿Condiciones o características que debe tener un problema para considerarlo problema educativo del que se encargue la teoría de la educación? • ¿Por qué los seres humanos necesitan cultura para vivir? • ¿Por qué la cultura necesita ser acreditada en las comunidades de prácticas? • ¿Cómo se hace un malvado? • ¿Qué puede aportar la teoría de la educación a la construcción de una cultura sostenible? • ¿Cuáles han sido las principales corrientes internacionales de la teoría de la educación? • ¿Qué diferencia hay entre lo que hace un maestro y un músico cuando intentan enseñar música? • ¿Dónde está la cualidad educativa del trabajo de un profesor? • ¿Cómo cambia la concepción de aprendizaje en una cultura digital? • ¿Qué teoría de la educación y visión de ser humano para qué desarrollo? • ¿Hay una teoría de la educación para la educación no formal? • ¿Cuál es la teoría educativa que explica los procesos en los ámbitos no escolarizados? • ¿A quién le sirve la teoría educativa, al docente o al estudiante? • ¿Cuándo el formador de formadores está preparado para un cambio de actitud? • ¿Tiene vigencia la estructura escolar tal y como la conocemos? • ¿Hacia dónde va la educación? • ¿Qué factores determinan los cambios educativos en la actualidad? • ¿Cuáles son los marcos explicativos sobre el fenómeno de la educación y cómo han evolucionado? • ¿Es el discurso teórico educativo objeto de discusión de todos? • ¿Cobertura o calidad de la educación? • ¿Calidad u oportunidad educativa? Desde este listado de numerosas preguntas se discutieron afinidades y se decidieron 9 temas sobre los que centrar el texto: el primero de ellos gira en torno a los fundamentos y al desarrollo del pensamiento en educación; el segundo se centra en los aspectos antropológicos implicados en una teoría de la educación; el tercer capítulo versa sobre la construcción histórica y el reto actual de la teoría de la educación. Por su parte, el capítulo cuarto cifra su reflexión en el discurso teórico de la educación ambiental, centrándose el capítulo quinto en la teoría de la educación contextualizada en la Sociedad de la Información y el Conocimiento. El capítulo sexto hunde sus raíces en la problemática que gira en torno a la gestión del cambio y la innovación en educación; la especificidad de la función docente y las relaciones entre conocimientos temáticos y conocimientos pedagógicos es la temática que da cuerpo al capítulo sétimo, siendo el capítulo ocho fruto de diversas reflexiones e investigaciones en torno a los conceptos de inclusión y exclusión teniendo el derecho humano a la educación como hilo conductor. Termina el libro con un capítulo dedicado a la complejidad de los conceptos de cobertura, calidad y equidad en educación. El objetivo del libro ha sido el de re-crear un conocimiento en teoría de la educación, fruto de las investigaciones y experiencias propias de cada uno de los miembros del equipo en nuestros respectivos campos y grupos de trabajo, para así comenzar a construir un conocimiento compartido con posibilidad de transferencia. El fruto final que presentamos, base de todo el proceso que queda por desarrollar, son las diferentes respuestas a una batería de preguntas que hanservido de antesala, no sólo al primer libro que hemos hecho conjuntamente sino, sobre todo, a lo que será la futura transferencia de conocimiento por parte de este grupo de investigación. Sólo nos queda agradecer a la AECID el apoyo prestado sin el cual este texto y sus futuros lectores nunca se hubieran conocido. (shrink)

"Essays explore philosophical themes in the Wizard of Oz saga, comprising the books by L. Frank Baum, the 1939 film, the novel Wicked, and related films and ...

Religious education and religious services practices that emerged as spiritual/religious support and guidance in the context of social work in Turkey are carried out with the protocols between Presidency of Religious Affairs ( DIB) and Ministry of Health, Justice, Ministry Family and Social Services, Youth and Sports, Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency. This research is on the self-efficacy perceptions of religious officials assigned in various social work areas of the Ministry of Family and Social Services. Researching the self-efficacy perceptions of (...) religious officials is important in terms of revealing that it is necessary to work in a wide area from making identifications about their professional development to developing religious education and services training programs that will meet the needs of the target group. Qualitative research method has been used in this study. The research has been structured within the framework of interviews with religious officials assigned to provide religious education and service in the service areas of the Ministry of Family and Social Services in Kırıkkale province. The data obtained from religious officials working in the field with semi-structured interview questions are evaluated in two themes: The self-efficacy perceptions of officials and needs of the target audience. The main conclusion reached in this study is as follows: Needs- based and value-based training programs can be developed for religious workers in social service institutions. (shrink)

About the author -- Note to the reader -- From the Alamo Draft House to the livingroom couch (or there and back again) -- Part I: Rated G: General Audiences -- 1. I know something you don't know: The Princess Bride -- 2. Lions and tigers and bears: scary stuff in the Wizard of Oz -- 3. The monster and the mensch: a child's eye view of Super 8 -- 4. Chef, Socrates, and the sage of love: finding love in (...) South Park -- 5. Killing Kenny: death therapy in South Park -- Part II: Parental Guidance Suggested -- 6. The good, the bad, and the beautiful: Sergio Leone's animals, actors, and aesthetics -- 7. Democracy adrift: Hitchcock's Lifeboat -- 8. Cuts like a knife: cutting to the core of His Dark Materials -- 9. Mrs. Coulter--overwoman?: Her Dark Materials -- Part III: Rated R: Restricted Audiences Only -- 10. A very naughty boy: getting right with Brian and Monty Python -- 11. Have you no decency?: Claire, Frank, and their House of Cards -- 12. Vinnie's very bad day: twisting the tale of time in Pulp Fiction -- 13. Once upon a time: in Inception -- 14. Dream time: in inception -- Part IV: Director's Cut -- 15. To serve man: a visit to The Twilight Zone -- Bibliography -- Suggestions for Reading -- Index. (shrink)

O mágico de Oz, obra de L. Frank Baum, muito embora tenha sido escrita no fim do século XIX, permanece atuando sobre o imaginário infantil cem anos depois. Centrado na personagem feminina, o texto não só desconstrói os estereótipos do conto de fadas tradicional, ao relativizar o papel da bruxa, que pode ser boa ou má, como também garante o estatuto de herói para uma personagem infantil do gênero feminino. Nessa perspectiva, este trabalho pretende discutir qual é a representação de (...) gênero veiculada pelas personagens femininas, fundamentado em estudos de crítica feminista. (shrink)

Aperto dai saggi di Alfonso Ruiz Miguel e Patrizia Borsellino, questo volume raccoglie contributi di giovani studiosi, intorno a temi caratterizzanti del pensiero filosofico-giuridico e filosofico-politico di Norberto Bobbio, dalla riflessione sul rigore analitico e sulla filosofia quale militanza, all'analisi sulla forma democratica, che in molte parti anticipò ed intuì i suoi successivi sviluppi. La riattualizzazione dei temi centrali e fondanti dei diritti umani e del pacifismo, si accompagna nei saggi alla rilettura di alcuni importanti contributi bobbiani alla teoria della (...) norma e dell'interpretazione, nonché alla vasta e complessa relazione tra diritto e ragione. A testimonianza dell'ampia e feconda figura intellettuale dell'Autore, il volume presenta in chiusura l'intervista al filosofo della scienza Giulio Giorello sul rapporto tra Bobbio e Geymonat, dando conto di una circolarità dei saperi professata e praticata con scrupolo. Patrizia Borsellino, Professore ordinario di Filosofia del Diritto e Bioetica, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca. Federico L.G. Faroldi, Dottorando di ricerca in Logica, Università di Pisa, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Visiting Scholar, Department of Philosophy, NYU, Visiting Scholar, EPHE, Paris.Mauricio Maldonado Muà±oz, Dottorando di ricerca in Filosofia del Diritto e Bioetica Giuridica, Università degli Studi di Genova, Tarello Institute for Legal Philosophy. Federica Martiny, Dottoranda di ricerca in Storia e Teoria del Diritto, Università di Macerata.Fabrizio Mastromartino, Assegnista di ricerca in Filosofia del Diritto, Università degli Studi di Roma Tre. Emil Mazzoleni, Dottorando di ricerca in Filosofia del Diritto, Università degli Studi di Milano.Marianna Nobile, Dottore di ricerca in Filosofia del Diritto, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca.Federico Oliveri, Ricercatore aggregato, Centro Interdisciplinare Scienze per la Pace, Università di Pisa. Alessio Panichi, Dottore di ricerca in Filosofia, Università di Pisa. Alfonso Ruiz Miguel, Professore ordinario di Filosofia del Diritto, Universidad AutÏŒnoma de Madrid. Michele Saporiti, Assegnista di ricerca in Filosofia del Diritto, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Chercheur post-doctoral, Groupe Sociétés, Religions, Laà¯cités (EPHE-CNRS), Parigi, Professore a contratto di Filosofia del Diritto, Università degli Studi di Bergamo. Natalina Stamile, Dottore di ricerca in Teoria del Diritto ed Ordine Giuridico Europeo, già Assegnista di ricerca, Università "Magna Graecia" di Catanzaro. Adriano Zambon, Dottorando di ricerca in Filosofia del Diritto, Università degli Studi di Milano.Michele Zezza, Dottorando di ricerca in Giustizia costituzionale e Diritti fondamentali, Università di Pisa. (shrink)

Öz: Son Peygamber Muhammed ’in hayatta iken yerine hiçbir kimseyi halife tayin etmemesi sebebiyle vefatından kısa bir müddet sonra imamet meselesi Müslümanlar arasında ihtilaf konusu olmuştur. Her ne kadar ilk üç halife devrinde bu mesele sulh yoluyla halledilmişse de halifenin kim olacağı mevzuu dördüncü halife Ali zamanında Müslümanlar arasında savaşa ve parçalanmalara neden olmuştur. O dönemde Müslümanlardan bir grup, Hz. Peygamberin kendisinden sonra yerine bir idareci bırakmadığı iddiasını kabul etmemiş, imametin Ali b. Ebî Tâlib’in ve onun evlatlarının hakkı olduğunu savunmuştur. (...) “Şiatu Ali” adıyla anılan bu gruba daha sonraki yıllarda sadece “Şia” denmiştir. İmamet mevzuu, Şia’yı diğer Müslüman grup olan Ehl-i Sünnet’ten ayıran en önemli meseledir. Onlara göre İmamet “Üsulu’d-Din”den olduğu için bu konuya oldukça önem vermiş ve görüşlerini desteklemek için ayet ve hadislerden deliller getirmişlerdir. Biz bu çalışmamızda, Şia’nın Ali b. Ebî Tâlib’in İmametiyle ilgili olduğunu iddia ettikleri ayetleri ele alacak, Şia’nın ve Ehl-i Sünnet’in iki büyük müfessiri Kummî ve İbn Kesîr’in tefsirleri çerçevesinde değerlendirmeye çalışacağız. (shrink)

Öz: Frege özel adların (ve diğer dilsel simgelerin) anlamları ve gönderimleri arasında ünlü ayrımını yaptığı “Anlam ve Gönderim Üzerine” (1948) adlı makalesinde, bu ayrımın önemi, gerekliliği ve sonuçları üzerine uzun değerlendirmeler yapar ancak özel adın anlamından tam olarak ne anlaşılması gerektiğinden yalnızca bir dipnotta kısaca söz eder. Örneğin “Aristoteles” özel adının anlamının Platon’un öğrencisi ve Büyük İskender’in öğretmeni ya da Stagira’da doğan Büyük İskender’in öğretmeni olarak alınabileceğini söyler. Burada dikkat çeken nokta örnekteki özel adın olası anlamları olarak gösterilen belirli betimlemelerin (...) de özel ad içeriyor olması. Anlamın Frege için bileşimsel olduğu, bir başka deyişle bir dilsel simgenin anlamının (varsa) parçalarının anlamlarınca belirlendiği düşünülürse, örnekteki belirli betimlemelerin anlamlarının saptanabilmesi için içerdikleri özel adların da anlamları saptanıp betimleme içinde geçtikleri yere konmalıdır. Bu işlem hiçbir özel ad kalmayana kadar sürdürülmelidir. Ancak biraz düşünülünce bir özel adın nesnesini tekil olarak betimleyecek ve içinde özel ad geçmeyecek bir betimleme bulmanın kolay olmadığı görülür. Örneğin yukarıdaki betimlemelerde geçen “Platon”, “Büyük İskender” ve “Stagira” gibi özel adların anlamları olabilecek ancak özel ad içermeyen betimlemeler bulmak pek kolay görünmüyor. Ortaya bir sonsuz gerileme sorunu çıkmış gibi duruyor. Frege’nin anlam-gönderim ayrımını için ciddi sonuçları olabilecek bu sorunu Frege çözebilir mi? Bu yazıda bu sorunun yanıtını arayacağım. Sorunu betimledikten sonra Frege’nin önündeki seçenekleri (örneğin bağlama duyarlı terimlerden (gösterme adılları veya belirteçler) yararlanma veya bağlamı sınırlama gibi) değerlendireceğim. -/- Abstract: In his “Sense and Reference” (1948), Frege makes his famous distinction between the sense and the reference of a proper name (and other signs) and discusses at length the significance, necessity and consequences of the distinction, but he explains how the sense of a proper name should be understood very briefly in a footnote. According to him, for example, the sense of the proper name “Aristotle” can be taken as the pupil of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great or the teacher of Alexander the Great who was born in Stagira. What is interesting here is that the definite descriptions given as the possible senses of this proper name do themselves contain proper names too. Since the sense is something compositional for Frege, which means the sense of a linguistic sign is determined by its constituents (if there are any), in order to determine the sense of definite descriptions in question, we should first determine the senses of proper names they contain and substitute these senses with the proper names themselves. This process should continue until no proper name remains. However, it does not seem easy to find a definite description which describes the object of a proper name uniquely but contains no proper name itself. For instance, could we find appropriate senses that contain no proper name for “Plato”, “Alexander the Great” and “Stagira”? It does not seem likely. A problem of infinite regress appears to arise. Can Frege solve this problem, which poses a serious threat for his sensereference distinction? I will explore this problem in this paper. After explaining the problem, I will discuss the options (e.g. turning to indexicals or context restriction) Frege can take to deal with it. (shrink)

Diogenes of Sinope, bilinen adıyla Diogenes ya da Sinoplu Diyojen’e yönelik yapılan bu çalışmada amacım, Dioegenes’in yaşamının, felsefi duruşunun ve benimsediği etik kuralların kapsamlı ve belgelenmiş bir şekilde sunulmasıdır. Diogenes’in hayatını ve öğretilerini güvenilir bir şekilde aktarmak aşırı derecede zordur, çünkü diğer antik filozoflardan ayrı olarak, onun yaşamına ilişkin güvenilir kaynaklar bulmak oldukça sınırlıdır. Ayrıca, fıçının içinde yaşayan bir Kinikli’ye yönelik ortaya konulmuş birçok kurmaca anekdot ile uğraşılması gerekmektedir. Güvenilir bilginin azlığı ve belgesiz atıfların yarattığı zorluklara rağmen, yine de birçok (...) kişinin hayalinde hayatta kalmayı başaran ünlü filozofun portresini ölümünden yirmi üç yüzyıl sonra yeniden inşa etmek mümkün gözükmektedir. Bu bağlamda, Diogenes’in yaşam tarzı ve felsefesine yönelik bilgiler verilecek, ardından temsil ettiği akım olan kinizmin temel öğretileri çeşitli kaynaklardan gösterilerek aktarılacaktır. Son olarak da, Diogenes’in Sinop kültürünün ve kültürel mirasımızın bir parçası olarak kabul edilmesinin mümkün olup olmadığı tartışılacaktır. (shrink)

V pričujočem sklopu so prevedena izbrana pisma Galilea Galileija ter njegovih korespondentov o problematiki razmerja med naravoslovnim oz. filozofskim raziskovanjem in Svetim pismom in s to problematiko povezani dokumenti iz Vatikanskega tajnega arhiva iz obdobja t. i. Galileijevega prvega procesa. Sklop zaključuje Galileijeva Razprava o morskem plimovanju, ki vsebinsko sicer ne zadeva omenjene problematike, je pa nastala kot posledica takratnega dogajanja. Vsa pisma so prevedena po kritični izdaji Galileijevih del, Le Opere di Galileo Galilei, ur. Antonio Favaro, Barbèra, Firence 1890–1909. (...) Dokumenti iz Vatikanskega tajnega arhiva so prevedeni po kritični izdaji I documenti vaticani del processo di Galileo Galilei. Nuova edizione accresciuta, rivista e annotata da Sergio Pagano, Archivio segreto vaticano, Mesto Vatikan 2009. Prevod Mojca Mihelič. Besedili Galileo Galilei poklican h kardinalu Bellarminu in Ukor kardinala Roberta Bellarmina Galileu Galileiju je prevedel Gašper Kvartič. Opombe in komentarji Matjaž Vesel in Mojca Mihelič. (shrink)

The title of this volume A Man of Many Interests: Plutarch on Religion, Myth, and Magic. Essays in honour of Aurelio Pérez Jiménez is first and foremost a coalescing homage to Plutarch and to Aurelio, and to the way they have been inspiring (as master and indirect disciple) a multitude of readers in their path to knowledge, here metonymically represented by the scholars who offer their tribute to them. The analysis developed throughout the several contributions favors a philological approach of (...) wide spectrum, i.e., stemming from literary and linguistic aspects, it projects them into their cultural, religious, philosophical, and historical framework. The works were organized into two broad sections, respectively devoted to the Lives and to the Moralia. Contributors are: Frances Titchener, Carlos Alcalde Martín, José Luis Calvo, Delfim Leão, Judith Mossman, Anastasios G. Nikolaidis, Christopher Pelling, Philip Stadter, Paola Volpe, Francesco Becchi, Israel Muñoz Gallarte, Lautaro Roig Lanzillotta, Geert Roskam, Vicente M. Ramón Palerm, Frederick Brenk, John Dillon, Franco Ferrari, Aristoula Georgiadou, Luc van der Stockt, Luisa Lesage Gárriga. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:594 Feminist Studies 41, no. 3. © 2015 by Feminist Studies, Inc. Liberty Walther Barnes and Christin L. Munsch The Paradoxical Privilege of Men and Masculinity in Institutional Review Boards In the 1939 Hollywood classic The Wizard of Oz, the great wizard admonishes Dorothy and her friends to “pay no attention to that man behind the curtain.” Dorothy and company turn to see a man standing before a large (...) control panel operating the smoke, holographic image, and voice of the great wizard. Realizing he has been discovered, the man gives up manipulating the switches and the nebulous wizard vanishes.1 Hegemonic masculinity is analogous to the “all-powerful” wizard.2 In order to maintain its grandeur, power, and mystique, the mechanics of masculine ideology—as well as the social actors who participate in its reproduction —must be kept hidden.3 A crucial aim of feminist research is to 1. The Wizard of Oz, directed by Victor Fleming (Culver City, CA: Metro-Goldwyn -Mayer, 1939). 2. See R. W. Connell, Masculinities: Knowledge, Power and Social Change (Berkeley : University of California Press, 1995); R. W. Connell and James W. Messerschmidt, “Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept,” Gender & Society 19 (2005): 829–61; Michael Kaufman, “Me, Feminism, and Men’s Contradictory Experiences of Power,” in Theorizing Masculinities, ed. Harry Brod and Michael Kaufman (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1994), 142– 63; and Michael S. Kimmel, “Masculinity as Homophobia: Fear, Shame, and Silence in the Construction of Gender Identity” in Brod and Kaufman, Theorizing Masculinities, 119–42. 3. Michael Flood and Bob Pease, “Undoing Men’s Privilege and Advancing Gender Equality in Public Sector Institutions,” Policy and Society 24, no. 4 (2005): 119–38; Allan G. Johnson, The Gender Knot: Unraveling Liberty Walther Barnes and Christin L. Munsch 595 pull back the curtain on men’s lives and masculine institutions in order to demystify socially constructed masculinities, particularly in their most powerful forms. As early feminist scholars note, male privilege renders women’s lives invisible.4 But male privilege renders aspects of men’s lives invisible, too. In this article we highlight how institutional review boards (IRBs) in universities and hospitals erect barriers to research that render particular aspects of men’s lives invisible. We draw on our experiences of submitting ten applications for a series of methodologically diverse studies of masculinity to eight IRBs. First, we argue that, despite their original function of protecting subordinated groups, IRBs are gendered institutions in which members base their decisions on culturally dominant, normative images of women and men. We show how this results in the stringent protection of male research participants, the safeguarding of participants’ personal masculinity, and the shielding of men’s lives from social inquiry. Second, we argue that IRBs are gendering institutions. Our experiences reveal how the privileging and protection of masculinity results in mandatory protocol modifications that idealize hegemonic masculinity. These modifications require researcher-participant interactions that socialize men to engage in gender “appropriate” behavior and reify gendered expectations. Third, our experiences reveal the ways in which IRBs protect the institution itself and privilege the universities, hospitals, and (predominantly male) medical doctors they represent. Consequently, the ways they reproduce social inequality remain impervious to academic inquiry. IRBS AS GENDERED AND GENDERING INSTITUTIONS Every university and hospital in the United States where human research is conducted houses a human research protections program, or IRB, to oversee academic research. Universities with hospitals typically our Patriarchal Legacy (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1997); Michael Kimmel, Guyland: The Perilous World Where Boys Become Men (New York: Harper Collins, 2008). 4. Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex, trans. Howard M. Parshley (New York: Knopf, 1951); Sandra Harding, The Science Question in Feminism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1986); Dorothy E. Smith, “Women’s Perspective as a Radical Critique of Sociology,” in Feminist Perspectives on Social Research, ed. Sharlene N. Hesse-Biber and Michelle L. Yaiser (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 84–96. 596 Liberty Walther Barnes and Christin L. Munsch maintain two types of IRB committees: a social-behavioral committee that oversees studies in the social sciences, and a biomedical committee to supervise clinical drug trials, experimental medical treatments, and tissue and blood research. The duty of the... (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:From Bookworms to Enchanted Hunters: Why Children ReadMaria Tatar (bio)Sensation SeekersThe laws governing the conservation of cultural energy are particularly effective when it comes to children’s literature. Peter Pan, Alice in Wonderland, The Chronicles of Narnia, The Yearling, The Wizard of Oz, Pinocchio, The Wind in the Willows, The Secret Garden, The Snow Queen: these are just a few of the volumes that continue to pull and tug on (...) young readers, drawing them into enchanted other worlds. Their propulsive force has moved from one generation to the next, setting minds into motion, renewing senses, and almost rewiring brains. Favoring expressive intensity over intellectual heft, the books of childhood use no-holds-barred melodramatic strategies until we are under their spell. We can all remember the jolts and shimmer of books we read as children, the moments that sent shivers up and down the spine.“Wow” moments saturate children’s stories, exploiting the emotive power of language for maximum effect.1 Think of the multiple evocations of the web created by the spider Charlotte in E. B. White’s book, how it “glistens” in the light and makes a pattern of “loveliness and mystery.” “What a curious feeling,” Alice declares in Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland once she has tasted the contents of a bottle marked “Drink me.” After that, the world she enters only becomes “curiouser and curiouser.” Dorothy lands in Oz and her eyes grow “bigger and bigger” at the “wonderful sights” she sees. They continue widening as she follows the Yellow Brick Road to Oz with her three companions. “A million golden arrows” point the way to Neverland, as the Darling children begin to experience the first in a series of bursts of beauty and rumbles of violence. Those rumbles create similar wow effects. Who can forget the moment when Iorek Byrnison, one [End Page 19]Maria Tatar Maria Tatar is the John L. Loeb Professor of Germanic Languages and Literatures at Harvard University, where she chairs the Program in Folklore and Mythology. She is the author of Classic Fairy Tales, The Annotated Brothers Grimm, The Annotated Hans Christian Andersen, and The Hard Facts of the Grimms’ Fairy Tales and has written for the New York Times, the New Republic, and Slate.com.Copyright © 2009 Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois... (shrink)

In recent years there has been great attention paid to the so-called Italian theory in the field of political philosophy. This definition has brought to the fore Italian thinking, but at the same time also covers many reflections of the past several decades, by creating a category easily disclosable but also restricted to a few authors and topics. To this regard, I want to highlight the philosophical work of Ubaldo Fadini, professor of philosophy at the University of Florence, who for (...) many years has been dedicated to the German and French philosophical tradition, crossing different disciplines and combining aesthetic and ethical issues to frame the subjectivity and the institutions into the post-Fordist era. -/- Since his work is multi-faceted and broad, I would suggest first reading Il desiderio in America (The desire in America) for his ‘achipelago-politics’. Fadini addresses the issue of desire in Deleuze with an approach that escapes the opportunity and claim to be an interpretive key from which to see everything systemically. His work wisely touches on several authors and issues, from Kafka to Melville, Spinoza and Nietzsche, and many others, addressing the dynamics of a desire, debt, conscience, responsibility and law. These are, therefore, multiple inputs to desiring, which does not hide the dotted plurality of the brothers in the world, beyond the tight grip of the Oedipal triangle, i.e. the father-mother-child relationship. It follows a not only a psychological issue but also a political one, thus it regards the delineation of a field of forces in which ‘who’ acts – and speaks – is not only the person (a term which in Latin refers to theatrical mask, but well-defined identity fictitious necessary to enter the scene and carry on a story), but the scene itself, produced by relations not illuminated by the light of the show. The plural world of the brothers is the American one, in which the Oedipal relationship with the father-homeland is cut in the name of equality, contrary to colonial subjection (of which Fanon has also shown the psychic character revealing the mechanism of the colonized that internalized the oedipal function of the dominus. Fanon, in fact, has linked the production of subjectivity employee with the apparatus of colonial subordination). -/- To this aside to Deleuzian thought, Fadini adds another, but productively connects to the first: from the cut with the father was not born the son (as in Hegelian-Lacanian interpretation or dialectical-psychoanalytic who wants the definition of the son from by the conflict with his father), but the brothers, the concrete manifold in which the father is not necessary but is placed from time to time in the decision-making function of the uncertainty, in the mobile uncertainty of the brothers in their organization. That this is happening is not a scandal. That this would represent a danger, as Fadini states, is a necessary point to be aware. Maybe, the problem arises when this function is preached the need: no, the fathers are not necessary. And even mothers. We reiterate: it is a political issue around which affirms or denies the legal capacity of the many in favor of the one. The one may be different persons: those who came before, the old, the wise, the priest who runs the border between the world and underworld with the rules applied on the swinging from one place to another, the legislature, the owner. The reason why the scope of the one is so problematic is mainly related to the mechanism he establishes so to ex-istere. It is a mechanism for fault-liability-debt, such as a pyramid which is based on a ‘primary’ concept, namely that of the absence. The paternal function certainly sums up everything in a person: the father is the legislator, he was there before, is older, closer to the world of the dead, but even in that of the living, owns the world, provides rules – even interpretation – to be applied to the fluctuations of life. A really great invention, no doubt about it, higher than that of basileus-priest, more functional, yes, more functional. -/- As in The Wizard of Oz, a narrative that is served in an American election campaign and, as Graeber reminds us, explains the necessity of the idea of debt so to found the new relationship between money and gold, the legislator is microscopic compared to the effects of the conviction that is produced on a large scale, not only on his community but also on the foreigners who come to him in search of completeness. The vacuum is once again an instrument of domination, nothing else. Lack of confidence, of course. Lack of confidence in the ability of the brothers. In the story of The Wizard of Oz, the wizard was well-intentioned and therefore the trick is revealed, however, he reaffirms his role by giving foreigners a certificate of completion that settles the existential debt. Lack of confidence and perhaps even the reading of fairy tales. We don’t need ‘real’ narrations but concrete tales, and, as Fadini says, archipelagos and pirates and cartographers. (shrink)

In this brief paper, offered as a policy viewpoint, I introduce what I believe to be a novel concept for supporting individual citizen interaction with the U.S. Federal government, termed the individual social account. I explore whether and how the concept might be implemented so as to strengthen the U.S. social safety net and further citizen trust and responsibility in e-government interactions. I illustrate and develop the concept as a platform for reform and suggest and discuss design criteria, surfacing various (...) issues. I conclude with additional thoughts with which to stimulate further research and discussion of the concept and its practicalities. (shrink)

A moving cultural biography of abolitionist martyr John Brown, by one of the most important African-American intellectuals of the twentieth century. In the history of slavery and its legacy, John Brown looms large as a hero whose deeds partly precipitated the Civil War. As Frederick Douglass wrote: "When John Brown stretched forth his arm... the clash of arms was at hand." DuBois's biography brings Brown stirringly to life and is a neglected classic.

This book is the first to introduce readers to contemporary philosophical works on moral judge- ment stemming from France, Germany and the Anglo-American world — many of which remain untranslated. By integrating Kantian and Aristotelian reflections on this subject, the author combines historiography and critical reflection to offer a rich picture of what it means to make good moral decisions. -/- As both Kantians and Aristotelians argue, moral judgements are ultimately grounded in the normativity of practical identities. Thus, it is (...) by identifying the obligations tied to the multiple dimensions of our identities (e.g., friend, teacher, romantic partner, citizen) that we can ultimately understand how we ought to act. Yet, Aristotle and Kant also remind us that doing so requires the acquisition of moral virtues which allow us to better discern practical reasons in concrete situations. (shrink)