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  1. Presentation and validation of the Radboud Faces Database.Oliver Langner, Ron Dotsch, Gijsbert Bijlstra, Daniel Hj Wigboldus, Skyler T. Hawk & Ad van Knippenberg - 2010 - Cognition and Emotion 24 (8):1377-1388.
    Many research fields concerned with the processing of information contained in human faces would benefit from face stimulus sets in which specific facial characteristics are systematically varied while other important picture characteristics are kept constant. Specifically, a face database in which displayed expressions, gaze direction, and head orientation are parametrically varied in a complete factorial design would be highly useful in many research domains. Furthermore, these stimuli should be standardised in several important, technical aspects. The present article presents the freely (...)
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  • Brief report the dynamic aspects of emotional facial expressions.Wataru Sato & Sakiko Yoshikawa - 2004 - Cognition and Emotion 18 (5):701-710.
  • Classification of dynamic facial expressions of emotion presented briefly.Guillermo Recio, Annekathrin Schacht & Werner Sommer - 2013 - Cognition and Emotion 27 (8):1486-1494.
  • Universality Revisited.Nicole L. Nelson & James A. Russell - 2013 - Emotion Review 5 (1):8-15.
    Evidence does not support the claim that observers universally recognize basic emotions from signals on the face. The percentage of observers who matched the face with the predicted emotion (matching score) is not universal, but varies with culture and language. Matching scores are also inflated by the commonly used methods: within-subject design; posed, exaggerated facial expressions (devoid of context); multiple examples of each type of expression; and a response format that funnels a variety of interpretations into one word specified by (...)
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  • Effects of Dynamic Aspects of Facial Expressions: A Review.Eva G. Krumhuber, Arvid Kappas & Antony S. R. Manstead - 2013 - Emotion Review 5 (1):41-46.
    A key feature of facial behavior is its dynamic quality. However, most previous research has been limited to the use of static images of prototypical expressive patterns. This article explores the role of facial dynamics in the perception of emotions, reviewing relevant empirical evidence demonstrating that dynamic information improves coherence in the identification of affect (particularly for degraded and subtle stimuli), leads to higher emotion judgments (i.e., intensity and arousal), and helps to differentiate between genuine and fake expressions. The findings (...)
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  • A Review of Dynamic Datasets for Facial Expression Research. [REVIEW]Eva G. Krumhuber, Lina Skora, Dennis Küster & Linyun Fou - 2017 - Emotion Review 9 (3):280-292.
    Temporal dynamics have been increasingly recognized as an important component of facial expressions. With the need for appropriate stimuli in research and application, a range of databases of dynamic facial stimuli has been developed. The present article reviews the existing corpora and describes the key dimensions and properties of the available sets. This includes a discussion of conceptual features in terms of thematic issues in dataset construction as well as practical features which are of applied interest to stimulus usage. To (...)
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  • Perceived realism of dynamic facial expressions of emotion: Optimal durations for the presentation of emotional onsets and offsets.Holger Hoffmann, Harald C. Traue, Franziska Bachmayr & Henrik Kessler - 2010 - Cognition and Emotion 24 (8):1369-1376.
  • The Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces: A validation study.Ellen Goeleven, Rudi De Raedt, Lemke Leyman & Bruno Verschuere - 2008 - Cognition and Emotion 22 (6):1094-1118.
    Although affective facial pictures are widely used in emotion research, standardised affective stimuli sets are rather scarce, and the existing sets have several limitations. We therefore conducted a validation study of 490 pictures of human facial expressions from the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces database (KDEF). Pictures were evaluated on emotional content and were rated on an intensity and arousal scale. Results indicate that the database contains a valid set of affective facial pictures. Hit rates, intensity, and arousal of the 20 (...)
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  • Perceptual and affective mechanisms in facial expression recognition: An integrative review.Manuel G. Calvo & Lauri Nummenmaa - 2016 - Cognition and Emotion 30 (6).
  • Social and emotional relevance in face processing: happy faces of future interaction partners enhance the late positive potential.Florian Bublatzky, Antje B. M. Gerdes, Andrew J. White, Martin Riemer & Georg W. Alpers - 2014 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8.
  • The dynamic aspects of emotional facial expressions.Wataru Sato & Sakiko Yoshikawa - 2004 - Cognition and Emotion 18 (5):701-710.