Le droit inégal face au monde sans qualité

Archives de Philosophie 3 (3):469-488 (2008)
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Abstract

Dans Le Capital, le phénomène du fétichisme apparaît bien plus lié aux conditions générales de l’échange qu’à celles de l’exploitation capitaliste. Il n’est dès lors pas certain qu’il disparaisse dans la société post-capitaliste que décrit Marx dans ce même ouvrage, parce que cette société maintient le principe de l’échange équivalent. C’est seulement dans la Critique du programme de Gotha que Marx semble prendre conscience de cette difficulté, à laquelle il répond en opposant au principe bourgeois du droit l’idée d’un « droit inégal ». Cette idée, dans sa radicalité, serait à rapprocher de ce que Derrida pense sous le nom de justice.In Das Kapital, fetishism appears to be more closely linked to generic exchange conditions than to capitalist exploitation. Consequently, fetishism may endure in the post-capitalist society envisioned by Marx in this same work, because this society will maintain the principle of equivalent exchange. Marx seems to realize this difficulty only in the Critique of the Gotha Programme, where he tries to solve it by opposing to the bourgeois law system the idea of « inegal law ». This idea, and its radical content, can be discussed in relation to the concept of justice as it is developed by Derrida

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