Reflections on God and the Death of God: Philosophy, Spirituality, and Religion

Springer Verlag (2021)
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Abstract

What is God? What does it mean to believe in God? What happens to God after the death of God? This book examines “the death of God” from a philosophical standpoint. It focuses on monotheism, polytheism, and nature, and it discusses the renewed importance of spirituality—and the “spiritual but not religious”—in response to the death of God. In recent years, religious belief has been in decline, but secularism cannot satisfy our spiritual needs. We are now living in a “post-secular” age in which the relationship between philosophy, spirituality, and religion must be re-examined. As an exploratory essay, this book engages the reader at a profound level, and considers a variety of modern thinkers, including Nietzsche, Hegel, Freud, Levinas, Assmann, and Buber. It offers a sustained meditation on the origin of God, the death of God, and the future of “God” as a guiding ideal.

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Chapters

The Death of God

Nietzsche’s parable of the madman and the death of God is driven by a yearning for the sacred. Nietzsche criticizes science and traditional religion for suppressing the sacred; but he shows how ethics is not destroyed by the death of God, and the overman is balanced by the idea of eternal recurrence... see more

Introduction

The “death of God” signifies a shift in modern life because belief in God is no longer something that can be taken for granted. This introductory chapter offers a brief historical account of religion, which includes the move from polytheism to a single God; the development of “subjective” aspects of... see more

Spirituality, Religion, and God

In this chapter, we begin with the difficult relationship between monotheism and nature: Given the environmental challenges that we face, we may need to recover a feminine version of the divine, but can we really choose our own gods? Perhaps, the real question here is whether religion is primarily a... see more

Belief in God

This chapter focuses on two important questions: What is God? And what does it mean to believe in God? It begins with Billy Graham’s popular account of God; and then it considers some of the difficulties associated with the God of rational theology, the God of negative theology, and the God of the B... see more

The Origin and the Future of God

This chapter discusses the “Mosaic distinction,” according to which there is only one true God. But does this mean that polytheism is just a primitive form of religion? Or are there good reasons for preferring polytheism as a more tolerant viewpoint? The arguments of Hume and Jan Assmann are conside... see more

God After the Death of God

What happens to “God” after the death of God? It is hard to believe or disbelieve in God in any straightforward sense, and the answer to this question lies beyond “atheism” and “theism.” Nevertheless, three ways of thinking about God can be considered: First, God as an absolute ideal who personifies... see more

Seeking God

How can we seek God after the death of God? This chapter looks at four thinkers who emphasize the role of experience: First, we consider Pascal’s traditional path to God which rejects the impersonal God of the philosophers; and then, Otto’s account of numinous experience and the mysterium tremendum,... see more

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