Bog kao kritika institucionalizirane religije. Pokušaj rekonstrukcije filozofijske teologije Karla Jaspersa: God as the Critique of Institutionalized Religion: An Attempt in Reconstructing Karl Jaspers’Philosophical Theology

Filozofska Istrazivanja 26 (2):441-456 (2006)
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Abstract

Njemački filozof Karl Jaspers, promišljajući smisao ljudske egzistencije, usmjerava svoju pažnju na transcendentnu stvarnost u kojoj pronalazi izvor egzistencije. Jedan je od simbola-šifri koji transcendenciju uprisutnjuje i pojam «Bog». Polazeći od filozofsko-povijesnih poticaja, Jaspers uobličuje na temelju filozofske i, Zapadu bliske, biblijske koncepcije božanstva svoj pojam Boga kao šifre transcendencije – to je nespoznatljiv Bog pojedinca-egzistencije, o kojem ne znamo ništa jer je ne-misliv, ali možemo živjeti iz njegove stvarnosti do koje dolazimo putem filozofskog vjerovanja. U njemu mi dosižemo izvor svoje egzistencije.Tako poimanog Boga Jaspers suprostavlja Bogu religijskih sistema, koji guši istinsku egzistencijalnu slobodu. Dogme o religijskom Bogu isključuju sve koji drukčije misle i stoga su neprihvatljive jer je njihova bezuvjetnost apsolutna. Bog kojem se obraća egzistencija nužno ostaje skriven, jer to je jedini uvjet slobode. Religijske dogme i institucije moraju postati svjesne svoje povijesne uvjetovanosti.German philosopher Karl Jaspers, in contemplating the meaning of human existence, points his attentionto transcendent reality, which is the origin of existence. One of the symbols-markers whichmakes that transcendence alive, is the concept of ‘God’. Starting with philosophical-historicalurges, Jaspers, on the basis of philosophical and Western-Biblical conception of divinity, makes hisconcept of God as the marker of transcendence. This is unknowable God of single human existence,of whom we do not know anything because he is unthinkable, but we can live within his reality,that is reachable by the way of philosophical faith. In this God, we reach the origin of our existence.Jaspers confronts such a God to a God of religious systems, which suffocates real existentialfreedom. Dogmas on religion God exclude everybody of different opinion, and are therefore unacceptable,because their unconditionality is absolute. God to whom existence is addressed to, remainshidden by necessity, because this is the only condition for freedom. Religious dogmas and institutionshave to become aware of being historically conditioned

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