Rousseau Ve Sieyes’de Egemenlik KuramiThe Theory Of Sovereignty In Rousseau And Sieyes

Ethos: Dialogues in Philosophy and Social Sciences 2 (2) (2009)
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Abstract

Bu yazının amacı modern ulus devlettin meşruluk kaynağı olarak kabul edilen halk egemenliği kavramının felsefi kökenlerinin Rousseau ve Sieyès’in kuramlarına dayanarak incelenmesidir. Egemenlik kavramı iktidarın ilkesi [auctaritas] ve kullanımının [potestas] tek bir yerde toplanması gerektiği fikri üzerine kurulur. Egemenlik kavramının ortaya çıkışı ile birlikte siyasal birliğin kuruluşunun insan faaliyeti olduğu kabul edilmiştir. Halk egemenliğinde siyasal kurumları oluşturan ve siyasal iktidara meşruluğunu veren kolektif bir özne olan halktır. Halkın nasıl tanımlandığı ve sınırlarının nasıl çizildiği bizi farklı egemenlik anlayışlarına yol açar; halk egemenliği ve millet egemenliği.The aim of this article is to analyze the philosophical roots of the “popular sovereignty”, which is seen as the legitimization criteria of modern national state, in the writings of Rousseau and Sieyès. The notion of sovereignty necessitates that both auctaritas and potestas reside in the same subject. With the emergence of popular sovereignty the formation of political unity is accepted as the result of human agency. In the “popular sovereignty” tradition, the collective subject, establishing the political institutions and legitimizing the political power, is the people. The definition of “people” and the clarification of its borders lead us to different notions of sovereignty; popular sovereignty and national sovereignty

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