FILOZOFICZNO-RELIGIJNE ZAŁOŻENIA I KULTUROTWÓRCZE ASPIRACJE HISTORII RELIGII MIRCEI ELIADEGO
Abstract
This article is focused on philosophical and religious presuppositions of
Mircea Eliade’s history of religion. There are three areas on which his
concept of religion is based: interest in humanities, like history,
sociology, psychology and phenomenology of religion, the influence of
philosophies and personal religious beliefs. He proclaims integral
discipline which links scientific methods such as empiricism,
structuralism, functionalism, antireductionism, antievolutionism, but
also stresses empathic understanding of experience of the sacred. With
properly applied method, which he called total hermeneutic, scientist
will be able to examine the universal structures of historically and
geographically remote religions. But this vision takes for granted
ahistorical religious structures. Eliade does not use the methods
developed by history. In fact, ontology and anthropology, which he
characterizes as archaic, presupposes the existence of cosmic religion
as the purest form of religious belief. Thus Romanian philosopher
interprets religious facts, according to subjective and dogmatically
accepted claims. He links the ideas of Oriental religions (liberation from
the time), ethnographic beliefs (cult of nature) and Christianity (the
idea of God incarnate in Jesus Christ). Finally, Eliade’s purposes are
more practical. He seeks to revitalize desacralized culture by the
conception of cosmic Christianity, which is syncretic and cosmocentric
doctrine.