Abstract

The essay deals with the opposition between the concept of the gradational ontology and the concept of the typological ontology. The thesis is sustained that Aristotle in his interpretation of the structure of the ontology aims at building a system of typological ontology: Therefore Aristotle differentiates substances as these somethings and as entities which are numerical ones, from universals as suches and as entities which are not numerical ones. Through this maneuver Aristotle builds an ontology of properties as programmes and of instantiations of properties. By so doing Aristotle fights against the conception of the gradational ontology; this conception divides the ontology in properties as perfect examples and average entities as imperfect copies of these examples. Aristotle's ontology of instantiations and programmes for the instantiation, thus, opposes the two-world-ontology of the participation.