Le rigorisme kantien et la thèse du mal radical

Laval Théologique et Philosophique 71 (2):233-245 (2015)
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Abstract

Claude Piché | : Lorsqu’on dit de la morale kantienne qu’elle est « rigoriste », on entend habituellement par cette épithète une morale sévère et austère, voire puritaine. Dans ces conditions, on ne s’étonne nullement de trouver au fondement de celle-ci la thèse du mal radical, attribué au genre humain en entier. J’aimerais toutefois montrer que Kant a une conception bien spécifique du rigorisme, dont il accepte volontiers de se réclamer et qui, loin de toute connotation puritaine, ne concerne au fond que la précision conceptuelle du discours philosophique. Or c’est grâce à cette rigueur intellectuelle que l’on peut comprendre ce que Kant entend par mal radical. Nous allons voir qu’il s’agit en vérité d’un mal qui n’a rien du caractère diabolique auquel l’adjectif « radical » nous porte spontanément à le rattacher. | : Kant’s conception of morality is often characterized as “rigorist,” a term which is usually associated with the adjectives “severe” and “austere,” even “puritan.” So it comes as no surprise to find, at the basis of this austere theory of morality, the thesis of radical evil, attributed to humankind as a whole. I would like to show, however, that Kant has a very specific conception of “rigorism.” In fact, the term has nothing to do with puritanism ; rather, it refers to the conceptual precision of philosophical discourse. Accordingly, Kant does not hesitate to accept it as a requirement for his own moral theory. Indeed, it is thanks to this intellectual rigour that Kant arrives at his conception of radical evil. It will be shown that this evil does not have the diabolical connotation that the adjective “radical” would suggest at first glance

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