Abstract

This study is a theoretical attempt to discuss the relationship of the ideas of humanity and liberty to the idea of nationalism particularly in Rousseau and Herder. Primarily, this is an attempt to reconceptualize the idea of nationalism in view of humanity and freedom as human ideals. Nationalism of Rousseau and Herder is not just a defense ideology for the state, but a doctrine of self-determination for it. In the sense that 'self-determination' is also a main determinant of human freedom, nationalism is here studied as the series of human efforts toward humanity and freedom. In this research, I would like to suggest the possibility that nationalism could ultimately become an institution of human freedom. ;Thus, this study begins with a search for the concept of freedom, and it will be followed by the examination of nationalism in its relation to the idea of freedom. First two chapters for understanding 'freedom' and 'nationalism' will constitute a theoretical foundation for further specific argument of Rousseau and Herder. In chapter IV & V, Rousseau and Herder will be systematically analyzed. In each chapter, I would like to show that Rousseau and Herder share a common interest on the brotherhood of human beings and the concept of the state as a servant of humanity. They try to elevate a lofty human ideal which is 'humanity', and also attempt to realize it in realpolitik. I found an answer for this human task in Rousseau's new community which is manifested by the General Will, and also in Herder's idea of Humanitat. ;Through this study, we see that the movement toward liberal nationalism in the early nineteenth century accompanied and required freedom. I believe that freedom constitutes the pre-condition for the existence of nationalism, as it conditions human existence. Rousseau's General Will and Herder's Humanitat provides human beings the possibility for the ideal state filled with 'humanity,' in which none of nationalism and internationalism is an issue. This research will conclude with a claim that the real issue is the establishment of humanity and the elevation of human freedom. Liberal nationalism is not in the way. On the contrary, it can develop human freedom in cooperation with democracy