Tarski et la suppositio materialis

Philosophiques 31 (2):295-309 (2004)
  Copy   BIBTEX

Abstract

Dans son article de 1944, « The Semantic Conception of Truth and the Foundations of Semantics », Alfred Tarski réfère en propres termes à la notion médiévale de « suppositio materialis ». L’interprétation qu’il en suggère, cependant, est historiquement trompeuse et l’inexactitude historique se double, en l’occurrence, de ce que l’on peut tenir pour une malencontreuse erreur philosophique. Dans « “la neige est blanche” est vraie », Tarski voit l’expression « la neige est blanche » comme le nom d’une certaine phrase, alors que les médiévaux y auraient vu plutôt une occurrence de cette phrase elle-même prise dans un usage spécial, la suppositio materialis. L’article montre en quoi les deux approches diffèrent et soutient que la théorie médiévale est philosophiquement préférable, en ce que : 1) elle est descriptivement plus adéquate en ce qui concerne le fonctionnement réel des langues naturelles ; 2) elle est plus appropriée même pour les langages construits qu’elle rend plus fonctionnels et plus intelligibles ; 3) elle repose sur l’identification d’un phénomène important dont la généralité échappe aux sémantiques d’inspiration tarskienne, celui de la dualité de principe entre l’extension d’un terme pris en lui-même et celle qu’il reçoit dans un contexte propositionnel donné.In his 1944 paper “The Semantic Conception of Truth and the Foundations of Semantics”, Alfred Tarski refers in so many words to the medieval idea of “suppositio materialis”. The interpretation he suggests for it, however, is historically misleading, and this historical inaccuracy yields in this case what can be taken to be an unfortunate philosophical mistake. In “ ‘snow is white’ is true ”, Tarski sees the phrase “snow is white” as the name of a certain sentence, while the medieval philosophers would have seen it rather as an occurrence of that very sentence, but taken in a special use, the suppositio materialis . The paper shows how these two approaches differ exactly and argues that the medieval theory is philosophically preferable in that it is descriptively more adequate with respect to natural languages, it is more appropriate even for artificial languages, which it renders both more effective and more intelligible, and it rests upon the identification of an important phenomenon, the generality of which is missed by the Tarskian type semantics, namely the duality of principle between the extension of a term in itself and the extension it receives within a given propositional context

Links

PhilArchive



    Upload a copy of this work     Papers currently archived: 91,202

External links

Setup an account with your affiliations in order to access resources via your University's proxy server

Through your library

Similar books and articles

Richard Brinkley on Supposition.Laurent Cesalli - 2013 - Vivarium 51 (1-4):275-303.
Was Tarski's Theory of Truth Motivated by Physicalism?Greg Frost-Arnold - 2004 - History and Philosophy of Logic 25 (4):265-280.
Tarski's physicalism.Richard L. Kirkham - 1993 - Erkenntnis 38 (3):289-302.
On Tarski on models.Timothy Bays - 2001 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 66 (4):1701-1726.
More on Putnam and Tarski.Panu Raatikainen - 2003 - Synthese 135 (1):37 - 47.
Etchemendy, Tarski, and Logical Consequence.Jared Bates - 1999 - Southwest Philosophy Review 15 (1):47-54.
What is Tarski's common concept of consequence?Ignacio Jané - 2006 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 12 (1):1-42.
Tarski - a dilemma.Richard C. Jennings - 1987 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 30 (1 & 2):155 – 172.
Tarski and Primitivism About Truth.Jamin Asay - 2013 - Philosophers' Imprint 13:1-18.
Tarski's system of geometry.Alfred Tarski & Steven Givant - 1999 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 5 (2):175-214.

Analytics

Added to PP
2013-12-01

Downloads
18 (#781,713)

6 months
2 (#1,136,865)

Historical graph of downloads
How can I increase my downloads?

Author's Profile

Citations of this work

Richard Brinkley on Supposition.Laurent Cesalli - 2013 - Vivarium 51 (1-4):275-303.

Add more citations

References found in this work

The semantic conception of truth and the foundations of semantics.Alfred Tarski - 1943 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 4 (3):341-376.
Metaphysics and the philosophy of mind.Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret Anscombe - 1981 - Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Opacity and the attitudes.Francois Recanati - 2000 - In A. Orenstein & Petr Kotatko (eds.), Knowledge, Language and Logic: Questions for Quine. Kluwer Academic Print on Demand. pp. 367--406.
The Intentionality of Sensation: A Grammatical Approach.G. E. M. Anscombe - 1981 - In Metaphysics and the Philosophy of Mind: Collected Philosophical Papers, vol. 2. Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 3–20.

View all 8 references / Add more references