Abstract

This article reviews the most recent information and data regarding brain processes associated with altered states of consciousness. It takes a neurotheological approach, seeking to blend what is known about these states, particularly as they relate to religious and spiritual experiences, in terms of brain processes and subjective elements of the experiences. The overall goal is to provide a comprehensive model that incorporates multiple brain areas including cortical, limbic, and subcortical structures, as well as considers the various neurotransmitters that might be involved. It is the hope that this framework provides a starting point for future investigations into the detailed neurophysiological and phenomenal aspects of altered states of consciousness.