Abstract
Of central concern to the philosophy of medicine is an understanding of the relationship that arises between science and ethics when decisions
involve human beings. To examine this relationship, we must consider the status of claims to medical knowledge and whether there exists within medical practice a style of collecting and analyzing data and mak- ing therapeutic decisions that is properly called science. Since ideally, in medicine, knowledge guides practice, to a significant extent our factual claims will legislate our behavior toward our fellowman. Clearly, other considerations compete with science for influence over medical deci- sions—for example, law, custom, patient preferences, convenience. However, without a "science of clinical medicine" and without a clear
understanding of how we distinguish between valid and invalid factual claims, medical opinion loses much of its moral force.