The Metaphysics of Science and Aim-Oriented Empiricism: A Revolution for Science and Philosophy

Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature (2019)
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Abstract

This book gives an account of work that I have done over a period of decades that sets out to solve two fundamental problems of philosophy: the mind-body problem and the problem of induction. Remarkably, these revolutionary contributions to philosophy turn out to have dramatic implications for a wide range of issues outside philosophy itself, most notably for the capacity of humanity to resolve current grave global problems and make progress towards a better, wiser world. A key element of the proposed solution to the first problem is that physics is about only a highly specialized aspect of all that there is – the causally efficacious aspect. Once this is understood, it ceases to be a mystery that natural science says nothing about the experiential aspect of reality, the colours we perceive, the inner experiences we are aware of. That natural science is silent about the experiential aspect of reality is no reason whatsoever to hold that the experiential does not objectively exist. A key element of the proposed solution to the second problem is that physics, in persistently accepting unified theories only, thereby makes a substantial metaphysical assumption about the universe: it is such that a unified pattern of physical law runs through all phenomena. We need a new conception, and kind, of physics that acknowledges, and actively seeks to improve, metaphysical presuppositions inherent in the methods of physics. The problematic aims and methods of physics need to be improved as physics proceeds. These are the ideas that have fruitful implications, I set out to show, for a wide range of issues: for philosophy itself, for physics, for natural science more generally, for the social sciences, for education, for the academic enterprise as a whole and, most important of all, for the capacity of humanity to learn how to solve the grave global problems that menace our future, and thus make progress to a better, wiser world. It is not just science that has problematic aims; in life too our aims, whether personal, social or institutional, are all too often profoundly problematic, and in urgent need of improvement. We need a new kind of academic enterprise which helps humanity put aims-and-methods improving meta-methods into practice in personal and social life, so that we may come to do better at achieving what is of value in life, and make progress towards a saner, wiser world. This body of work of mine has met with critical acclaim. Despite that, astonishingly, it has been ignored by mainstream philosophy. In the book I discuss the recent work of over 100 philosophers on the mind-body problem and the metaphysics of science, and show that my earlier, highly relevant work on these issues is universally ignored, the quality of subsequent work suffering as a result. My hope, in publishing this book, is that my fellow philosophers will come to appreciate the intellectual value of my proposed solutions to the mind-body problem and the problem of induction, and will, as a result, join with me in attempting to convince our fellow academics that we need to bring about an intellectual/institutional revolution in academic inquiry so that it takes up its proper task of helping humanity learn how to solve problems of living, including global problems, and make progress towards as good, as wise and enlightened a world as possible.

Chapters

Chapter 5 Broader Implications: Academic Inquiry for a Wiser World

In this final chapter I say something about what I take to be the broader implications and significance of aim-oriented empiricism: the urgent need to bring about a revolution in academic inquiry. The issues go back to the eighteenth century Enlightenment. The basic idea of the philosophes of the Fr... see more

Chapter 4 Aim-Oriented Empiricism and the Metaphysics of Science: 2000 to 2017

In this chapter I discuss in detail 31 works on the metaphysics of science by 28 authors published between the years 2000 and 2017. Just one of these authors refers to my earlier work on the metaphysics of science in four footnotes but otherwise ignores most of what I have to say. The other 27 autho... see more

Chapter 3 Aim-Oriented Empiricism: Exposition, and Implications for Science and the Philosophy of Science

In this chapter I outline the second wave of my work on the metaphysics of science. Physics only ever accepts unified theories. This means, I realized, that physics makes a big, influential, highly problematic metaphysical assumption about the nature of the universe: it has some kind of underlying u... see more

Chapter 2 Subsequent Work on Essentialism and the Mind-Body Problem

Two components of all that I argued for in my three papers of 1966 and 1968 had an immense impact on subsequent philosophy, not via my publications, but via subsequent publications of others. As a result, my work was ignored and forgotten. The outcome was that the overall theme of my three papers ha... see more

Chapter 1 Early Work on the Metaphysics of Science

The first phase of my work on the metaphysics of science resulted in an MA thesis that was completed in 1965, and three papers extracted from the thesis published in 1966 and 1968. These papers tackled the problem of how to reconcile the world as depicted by physics with the world of common sense – ... see more

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Author's Profile

Nicholas Maxwell
University College London

References found in this work

The metaphysics within physics.Tim Maudlin - 2007 - New York: Oxford University Press.
Science, Perception and Reality.Wilfrid Sellars (ed.) - 1963 - New York,: Humanities Press.
Nature's Metaphysics: Laws and Properties.Alexander Bird - 2007 - New York: Oxford University Press.
Sense and Sensibilia.John Langshaw Austin - 1962 - Oxford University Press. Edited by G. Warnock.

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