Abstract

Two relevant political groups appeared due to the political strategy in the second half of the 19th century: The Old School and The New School. The liberally oriented New School without any historical prejudices was prone to cooperation with aristocracy and gentry, but also with Hungarian radical Left. The New School’s nation-building project underlined the importance of gradually and actively formation of national identity, as well as the ideas of national diversity, civil tolerance and public discussion. The new strategy of the New School was based on a systematic enforcement of education, civil liberty, equality and tolerance, drawing from the political ideas of Ch. Montesquieu.