A doutrina das causas finais na Antiguidade. 2. A teleologia na natureza, segundo Aristóteles

Filosofia E Hist’Oria da Biologia 8 (2):167-209 (2013)
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Abstract

This paper describes the four causes accepted by Aristotle, and then focus upon his concept of final causes, especially emphasizing its use in the study of living beings. The article discusses several difficulties in interpreting Aristotle’s teleology, such as its relation with the concept of a providential god, and the difficulty of understanding goals in processes that do not include intelligent agency. The Aristotelian ideas on final causes are highly complex, and they are widely different from those usually ascribed to the philosopher. RESUMO: Este artigo apresenta uma descrição dos quatro tipos de causas aceitas por Aristóteles, centralizando-se depois nas causas finais, focalizando principalmente seu uso no estudo dos seres vivos. Discute diversos problemas da interpretação da teleologia de Aristóteles, tal como sua relação com a ideia de um deus previdente e as dificuldades de compreensão de finalidades em processos que não envolvem agentes inteligentes. As ideias aristotélicas sobre as causas finais são altamente complexas, e muito diferentes das versões simplistas que costumam ser atribuídas ao filósofo.

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Roberto De Andrade Martins
University of São Paulo

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