Fan zi you de zi you: Bolin yu Shitelaosi de si xiang fen zheng = From freedom to serfdom: the debate between Isaiah Berlin and Leo Strauss

Xin bei shi: Lian jing chu ban shi ye gu fen you xian gong si (2019)
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Abstract

20世紀極權主義的思想根源是什麽? 這個問題正是伯林與施特勞斯畢生追問的根本問題。 在一元主義與多元主義之間,在絕對主義與相對主義之間,我們應該何去何從? 為什麽人類追求自由,卻走向了自由的反面? 《反自由的自由:伯林與施特勞斯的思想紛爭》提出了這一疑問 20世紀的極權主義是人類歷史上史無前例的政治悲劇,典型案例是蘇聯共產主義和德國納粹主義。伯林是流亡英國的俄裔猶太人,童年曾目睹俄國革命,壯年曾造訪蘇聯,對蘇聯共產主義有著痛徹心扉的體驗。在他看來,蘇聯共產主義根源於馬克思主義,而馬克思主義發源於一元主義與絕對主義。施特勞斯是流亡美國的德裔猶太人,早年僥倖逃脫納粹的魔爪,從此寄身於異國他鄉。因此,他對德國納粹主義有著深入骨髓的反思。他認為,德國納粹主義肇源於自由主義,而自由主義淵源於多元主義與相對主義。倘若如是,我們的困境是,在一元主義與多元主義之間,在絕對主義與相對主義之間,應該何去何從?為什麽兩個具有類似極權主義經歷的思想家卻作出了截然相反的診斷?我們的困惑是,為什麽人類追求自由卻走向了自由的反面?馬華靈試圖在《反自由的自由:伯林與施特勞斯的思想紛爭》一書解答上述疑問。

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