Abstract

The Marxist Theory of the Party This paper examines the conceptions of the revolutionary party among some of the most importantMarxist thinkers of the XXth century, through three interrelated essential issues : 1) the levels of classconsciousness ; 2) the relationship of the party to the masses, in particular during a revolution ; 3) theinternal structure of the party. In our view, the chosen authors – Lenin, Rosa Luxemburg, Gramsci,Lukacs, Trotsky – belong to the same « current » in Marxism, a current which tries to develop, considering the conditions of the XXth century, Marx’s theses on the communist revolution and theproletarian self-emancipation ; a current which is contradictory and diverse, inside of which Leninand Luxemburg represent two partially opposed and partially complementary poles