Social Science Information 48 (1):5-33 (2009)
Abstract |
Social order cannot be considered as a stable phenomenon because it contains an order of reproduced expectations. When the expectations operate upon one another, they generate a non-linear dynamics that processes meaning. Specific meaning can be stabilized, for example, in social institutions, but all meaning arises from a horizon of possible meanings. Using Luhmann's social systems theory and Rosen's theory of anticipatory systems, I submit equations for modeling the processing of meaning in inter-human communication. First, a self-referential system can use a model of itself for the anticipation. Under the condition of functional differentiation, the social system can be expected to entertain a set of models; each model can also contain a model of the other models. Two anticipatory mechanisms are then possible: one transversal between the models and a longitudinal one providing the modeled systems with meaning from the perspective of hindsight. A system containing two anticipatory mechanisms can become hyper-incursive. Without decision-making, however, a hyper-incursive system would be overloaded with uncertainty. Under this pressure, informed decisions tend to replace the `natural preferences' of agents, and an order of cultural expectations can increasingly be shaped. L'ordre social ne peut pas être considéré comme un phénomène stable parce qu'il contient un ordre de prévisions reproduites. Quand les prévisions sont couplées, elles produisent une dynamique non linéaire qui traite la signification. La signification spécifique peut être stabilisée, par exemple, dans les institutions sociales, mais toute signification résulte d'un horizon de significations possibles. Utilisant la théorie du système social de Luhmann et la théorie de Rosen des systèmes anticipatifs, je propose des équations pour modeler le traitement de la signification dans la communication interhumaine. Tout d'abord, un système autoréférentiel peut employer un modèle de lui-même pour l'anticipation. Étant donné la différentiation fonctionnelle dans le système social, ce système peut être prévu pour entretenir un ensemble de modèles au niveau de chaque sous-système. Chaque modèle peut également contenir un modèle des autres modèles. Deux mécanismes anticipatifs sont alors possibles: un mécanisme transversal qui opère entre les modèles et un mécanisme longitudinal fournissant aux systèmes modélisés la signification de la perspective de la rétrospection. Un système contenant deux mécanismes anticipatifs peut devenir hyper-incursif. Sans prise de décision, cependant, un système hyper-incursif comporterait trop d'incertitude. Sous cette pression, les décisions qui factorisent les prévisions tendent à remplacer les préférences naturelles des agents, et un ordre des prévisions culturelles peut de plus en plus prendre forme.
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DOI | 10.1177/0539018408099635 |
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References found in this work BETA
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.Thomas Samuel Kuhn - 1962 - Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge.Peter Berger & Thomas Luckmann - 1966 - Anchor Books.
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Citations of this work BETA
‘Meaning’ as a Sociological Concept: A Review of the Modeling, Mapping and Simulation of the Communication of Knowledge and Meaning. [REVIEW]Loet Leydesdorff - 2011 - Social Science Information 50 (3-4):391-413.
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