Abstract

Discusses the relationship between commitment (pledging or binding oneself to certain acts), hope (anticipating that positive events will occur), despondency (anticipating negative events), and fatalism (believing that there is nothing one can do to affect the future). Factors contributing to despondency in the US include an emphasis on self and emotionality that gives the illusion of increased intimacy but avoids real caring and commitment toward others; experiences of alienation and aloneness; the high crime rate; and a loss of trust in leaders. Diminished privacy and a dehumanizing bureaucracy can lead to fatalism. Research is reviewed on factors enhancing commitment and on the enhancement of beliefs after overt actions. It is concluded that changing despondency and fatalism into constructive hope requires prior active behavior or involvement, which raises the probability of further action. (15 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)