This chapter traces the history of the unification argument from the Greeks to Mullā Ṣadrā. It begins with earliest statements of the problem in Plato and Aristotle. Aristotle provides the first clear statement of the problem. However, he lends himself to multiple readings, and Ṣadrā does ... see more

This chapter is devoted to a detailed analysis of Ṣadrā's theory of knowledge. As Ṣadrā insists on the principiality of existence in all philosophical problems, it begins with a survey of his elaborate vocabulary of existence. Ṣadrā revises many of the erstwhile discussions of existence an... see more

This chapter focuses on two issues. The first is the question of mystical knowledge and the extent to which such a term applies to Ṣadrā's epistemology. Ṣadrā argues that existence can be known only intuitively and that intuition is not only an epistemic but also a spiritual act of encount... see more