Abstract
In this article I argue the relevance of natural law for framing and
addressing ethical issues raised by the practice of business in a global context.
There are historical, as well as systematic reasons for this. On the historical
side, it can be argued that the origin of modern economics is linked to a
cultural context, still influenced by modern natural law theories. Thus, even
if Hume’s moral theory is everything but a natural law theory, either in the
traditional or the modern sense, his “laws of nature” (fixation of property,
rules for its transference, and promises) represent a systematization of the
rules of justice necessary to preserve the space of economic freedom required
for development of a commercial society. This systematization is in line with
the classical approach to natural law, which nevertheless presents further
advantages for developing an ethical approach to economic activity, since it
brings with itself a conception of economic agency richer than that of Hume:
a conception that is not necessarily linked to pursuit self-interest, but rather
is inspired by ethical motives right from the start. Indeed, on the systematic
side, the classical natural law is seen as the law of practical reason: a set of
principles in charge of inspiring both virtuous action and legal practice, so that
we can realize the human good. Assuming the embodied and social nature of
human beings, as well as the various cultural realizations of humanity, a natural
law approach to ethics is in a position to stimulate a dynamic and bottomup articulation of the personal and common good, concern for progress and
sustainable development, universal principles and cultural variations.