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Multiculturalism in Canada: Constructing a Model Multiculture with Multicultural Values
Springer Verlag (2019)
Abstract
Multiculturalism is often thought to be defined by its commitment to diversity, inclusivity, sensitivity, and tolerance, but these established values sometimes require contrary practices of homogenization, exclusion, insensitivity, and intolerance. Multiculturalism in Canada clarifies what multiculturalism is by relating it to more basic principles of equality, freedom, recognition, authenticity, and openness. Forbes places both official Canadian multiculturalism and Quebec's semi-official interculturalism in their historical and constitutional setting, examines their relations to liberal democratic core values, and outlines a variety of practical measures that would make Canada a more open country and a better illustration of what a commitment to egalitarian cultural pluralism now means. Consisting of a series of connected essays-including careful considerations of the works of Will Kymlicka and Charles Taylor-this book provides the first comprehensive account of multiculturalism in Canada.
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Chapters
Culturally Open Governance
Ambitious projects of social construction can require fundamental changes in constitutional law and political institutions, as already shown. This chapter outlines some further changes that could be needed in the future to consolidate Canada’s identity as a model of progressive multicultural integra... see more
Forms of Openness
Openness is the strongest and most revealing multicultural value. It governs the distinctively multicultural interpretations of equality, freedom, recognition, and authenticity . Beyond its familiar and easily understood meaning as open borders, openness as a value also encompasses evidence-based po... see more
Ethical Authenticity
Authenticity, a long-established and highly valued value under other names, having received a new philosophical currency and a fresh face from Martin Heidegger's ruminations on mortality, figures prominently in Charles Taylor's account of the politics of recognition. Authenticity is encouraged by re... see more
Cultural Recognition
The idea of equal mutual recognition is sometimes thought to provide the key to understanding multiculturalism in both theory and practice, that is, to be the most important and most revealing of all multicultural values. It has been said by one authority to provide "the moral foundations of minorit... see more
Cultural Freedom
Freedom is a big word in our world, but not one easily explained, since its uses relate to complex metaphysical questions as well as to important practical choices. In the context of multiculturalism in Canada, the word means "cultural freedom," a new practical freedom that must be distinguished fro... see more
Culture and Equality
In political contexts, equality is both a superlative value and a hotly contested one. Even as just a multicultural value, equality is ambiguous. It has two relevant meanings that differ substantially from the classic liberal and socialist conceptions of equality. Brian Barry's well-known attack on ... see more
Visionary Policies
“Visionary Policies” presents the broader background to “Official Multiculturalism,” briefly describing three important complementary policies. It summarizes the changes in Canadian immigration policy beginning in 1962 that were confirmed in an Immigration Act passed in 1976, outlines the transforma... see more
Official Multiculturalism
This chapter sketches the historical background to the adoption of multiculturalism as a national policy and as a definition of the Canadian identity in 1971. It emphasizes the place of “official multiculturalism” alongside “official bilingualism” within the overall response of the Liberal federal g... see more
Introduction: Celebrating Diversity
Celebrations of diversity are the public face of multiculturalism in Canada, but there is more to it than simply overcoming fears of “difference” and developing a welcoming attitude towards new musical, culinary, and romantic experiences. Its broader meaning will be seen more clearly only after seei... see more
Conclusion: Just Words
This concluding chapter offers some final reflections on the meaning of four key words—victory, recognition, balance, and multiculturalism—that have figured prominently in the history and theory of multiculturalism in Canada. These reflections support the suggestion that what Canadians have created ... see more
Going Forward: Future Imaginaries
Canada, without being fully aware of what a multicultural future holds for it, is committed to such a future. All that can now be determined with any confidence is the general tendency of the changes already under way and an imagined destination. The meaning of its commitment can be clarified, howev... see more
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