Martha Nussbaum: la compassione entro i limiti della ragione[ Martha Nussbaum: Compassion within the Limits of Reason]

la Società Degli Individui 18:131-148 (2003)
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Abstract

In maggioranza la tradizione intellettuale e politica occidentale ha guardato con sospetto il sentimento di compassione. Una delle più celebri critiche della compassione è quella proposta da Hannah Arendt. A ben vedere, però, la Arendt non critica la compassione in quanto tale, ma l’uso politico che di essa è stato fatto dai rivoluzionari moderni. In sé e per sé essa ha infatti un valore umano innegabile in quanto apertura all’altro e alla nostra realtà più immediata. Recentemente Martha Nussbaum ha proposto un’analisi dettagliata del sentimento di compassione. Anche dalla sua disamina emerge il carattere ambivalente della compassione che a suo avviso deve essere guidata da una teoria etica corretta. Se mantenuta entro i limiti della ragione la compassione può svolgere un ruolo essenziale nelle democrazie liberali contemporanee.Compassion has been looked upon with suspicion by the majority of our western intellectual and political tradition. One of the most famous criticisms of compassion was Hannah Arendt’s. She, however, did not criticize compassion as such, but complained the way it was used by modern rivolutionaries. Compassion in itself has an undeniable human value, to the extent that it opens us up to the others and to our most immediate reality. Martha Nussbaum has recently offered a detailed analysis of compassion. Its ambivalent character emerges from her reading, too. Her conclusion is that compassion should be guided by a correct ethical theory. If kept within the limits of reason, it can play a crucial role in contemporary liberal democracies

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