Feministička epistemologija

Filozofska Istrazivanja 25 (4):865-875 (2005)
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Abstract

1960-ih i 1970-ih godina odbačeno je viđenje znanosti kao neutralne i bez utjecaja klase, rase, roda, nacionalnosti i politike. Neki od pokreta, koji su usmjereni na društvenu upotrebu znanosti, prepoznali su znanost kao produženu ruku kapitalističkog poretka i sredstvo eksploatacije te je proglasili suučesnicom u podčinjavanju žena, manjina i nerazvijenih zemalja. Jedan od tih pokreta je feministički. Do pojave ovih kritika znanost je bila shvaćena kao objektivna i vrijednosno neutralna.1970-ih godina suvremena feministička teorija podastrijela je kritički teorijski koncept roda predstavljen kao način razlikovanja društvene konstrukcije maskulinosti i femininosti od bioloških kategorija muškog i ženskog. Polazeći od toga i usvojivši socijalni konstruktivizam, feministkinje su artikulirale feminističku teoriju stajališta koja pokušava konstruirati znanje iz perspektive života žena. Navedeni su bitni momenti zbog kojih je nepristranost u znanosti dosad bila onemogućena. Ključna postavka epistemologije stajališta sadrži tezu da epistemologija neutralnog, nezainteresiranoga promatrača svijeta treba biti zamijenjena epistemologijom senzibilnom na sve specifičnosti socijalnoga konteksta, a u slučaju feminističke inačice ove teorije drži se da način na koji žene doživljavaju društveni život daje jedinstveni uvid u način funkcioniranja društva, a stajalište žena, ili feminizma, manje je pristrano i iskrivljeno, za što se navode brojni razlozi.The view of science as neutral and not subject to the influence of class, race, gendernationality and politics, was largely rejected during the 1960s and 1970s. Certainmovements that focused on the social use of science had recognized science as a vehicleof the capitalist movement and as a means of exploitation, pronouncing sciencean extended accomplice to the subordination of women, minorities, and underdevelopedcountries. One of these movements is the feminist movement. Prior tothe criticism of these movements, science was thought of as objective and valueneutral.Modern feminist theory in the 1970s submitted a critical and theoretical concept ofgender presented as a way of differentiating between the social construction of mas-culinity and femininity and the biological categories of male and female. Using thisconcept as a starting point and incorporating social constructivism, the feministshave articulated the feminist standpoint theory which attempts to construct knowledgefrom the perspective of women’s lives. They stated key moments that have preventedthe impartiality of science. The key concept of the standpoint epistemologyincorporates the thesis that there exists a need to replace the epistemology of theneutral, disinterested observer of the world with the epistemology sensitive to allspecificities of the social context. The feminist version of the theory states that theway women experience social life gives them a unique view to the way the societyfunctions, and that the women’s, or feminist’s standpoint is less biased and distorted,for which they offer a number of arguments

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