Kant et Smith, critiques de la philosophie morale de Hume

Revue Philosophique de la France Et de l'Etranger 190 (4):449-464 (2000)
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Abstract

Malgré tout ce qui les distingue, la philosophie morale de Kant et celle de Smith ont pour point commun de se poser toutes les deux explicitement en critiques des positions de Hume. Ces critiques portent sur le même point, la façon dont Hume définit le concept de généralité. De là résultent des thèses parallèles : Kant et Smith proposent une conception formelle de la morale, débouchant sur l'idée d'un tribunal intérieur et sur celle d'un idéal moral. Mais jusqu'où ce parallèle est-il pertinent? Despite all that make them so different from one another, Kant 's moral philosophy and Smith's have a common denominator in which they both set themselves as explicit critics of Hume 's positions. Those criticisms rest on the very same point, i.e. the way Hume describes the concept of generality. Hence two parallel theses : Kant and Smith both suggest a formal conception of morals opening onto the idea of an internal court and of a moral ideal. But how far is such a parallel a pertinent one?

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