Abstract

The first Indian institution for scientific research was founded in 1876. The period 1876–1918 was a time of gestation for Indian chemistry, in which pure research gradually replaced the need-based, result-oriented research formerly promoted by the British regime. This formative period in Indian chemistry came to an end after the First World War and was succeeded by a rapid expansion of chemical research. The educational and political background against which these changes took place, and the influence of European chemistry on developments in India, are discussed. Indian achievements in pure research are summarized, special consideration being given to the work of P. C. Ray, educationalist, entrepreneur, and research chemist