Reposicionando o Endurantismo na Actual Metafísica da Persistência, Segundo a Analogia do Ser

Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia 69 (2):215-240 (2013)
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Abstract

Resumo Na actual metafísica, no âmbito da Filosofia Analítica, mantém-se intenso o debate acerca do Problema da Persistência. Actualmente, o Endurantismo sendo alvo de várias críticas, é acusado de ser insustentável, pelo que prevalece a teoria Perdurantista. O autor do artigo irá percorrer o actual debate, mostrando que este decorre implicitamente numa perspectiva monista e unívoca do ser e que, sob este enquadramento, o Perdurantismo encontra-se melhor posicionado para responder à questão da Persistência do que o Endurantismo. Contudo, surgem dois problemas associados a este enquadramento: o problema da real diferença ontológica entre Identidade Numérica e Qualitativa; e, subsequentemente, o problema da igualdade ôntica na predicação existencial. Por conseguinte, o autor irá mostrar que uma concepção analógica da realidade consegue, melhor do que a univocidade, postular a unidade e diferenças reais, superando os dois problemas. Conclui que com recurso à analogia do ser estaria também solucionado o problema dos intrínsecos e intrínsecos temporários, permitindo a mediação e qualificação de propriedades. Desta forma, conseguir-se-ia assegurar as vantagens próprias do Endurantismo, nomeadamente a consideração dos objectos na sua totalidade e a explicação da sua persistência face à mudança, de forma concordante com as mais básicas intuições do senso-comum sobre o fenómeno. Palavras-chave : Analogia do Ser, Endurantismo, Metafísica, Perdurantismo, PersistênciaIn contemporary metaphysics, on the context of Analytic Philosophy, remains an intense debate about the Problem of Persistence. Currently, Endurantism has been the target of criticism and accused of being unsustainable, so the Perdurantism theory prevails. The author of the article will go through the current debate showing that this is taking place implicitly under the framework of monism and of the univocity of being. Under this framework, the Perdurantism is best positioned to answer the Problem of Persistence than Endurantism. However, associated with this framework two problems arise: the problem of real ontological difference between Numerical Identity and Qualitative Identity; and the problem of ontic equality in existential predication. Consequently the author will show that an analogue conception of reality can better than univocity postulate real unity and difference, overcoming the two previous problems. The author concludes that with the use of the analogy of being it’s also solved the problem of intrinsics and temporary intrinsics, allowing mediation and qualification of properties. So, it would ensure the advantages of Endurantism, namely the consideration of the objects in their totality and the explanation of its persistence through change, according with the most basic common-sense intuitions about Change and Persistence. Keywords : Analogy of Being, Endurantism, Metaphysics, Perdurantism, Persistence

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Ricardo Barroso
Universidade Católica Portuguesa

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