Objective: This paper aims to explore cancer recently widowed of the psychological mourning and recovery qualification process. Methods: Field is located in the south of the hospital hospice ward, to the phenomenon of depth interviews and psychological description method to understand the psychological response to cancer widowed experience. A total of ten respondents to participate in research , the average age of widowhood is 46 years, each received three to four interviews. Results: Data immersed reading, multiple comparisons and analysis of (...) phenomena, found that cancer newly widowed person psychological reactions experienced qualification process, including "Imagine the body of lingering," "Symbolic of the transformation" and "people often between cracking together" three context theme. Discussion: Some respondents in the imagined body; have to enter the Symbolic; a return to real life, showing heterogeneity, we can see the newly widowed mourn experience, is the swing in the "emotional dependency of the total change" and "ethics action of the delay" of room. This paper concludes with experience of mental response to the two intermediary factors, which means "from the senses to the tense" and "from there to the current changes," the reflection of. Objective: To explore the way Taiwanese widowers and widows who lost their loved one for suffering the cancer event how to transform their "limited experience" to be back to the life world in the first one and half years after the loss. The study was aimed to release the complicated bereaved reaction experience processes. Method: While the depth interviews method was adopted to collect the narratives, the phenomenological descriptive method was conducted to construct the text. Ten subjects with a mean of 46 years from the hospice care unit in a certain southern Taiwan hospital were interviewed. Result: Three contextual themes were emerged from the narrative analysis, namely, the imaginative rumination, the transformative symbol and the ethical relationship. Discussion: We found the medium processes for the emerged context were divided into two mechanisms-from 'sense' to 'tense' to denote the sharing feelings to the dead, and from 'being' to 'becoming' to denote the ethical act. Finally, the implications about the study were discussed. (shrink)

This paper examines the Tzu Chi Buddhist groups to promote the general donation how to break the "Save all dead," the Chinese cultural tradition, the community response. Research for Master Cheng Yen and Tzu Chi volunteers in advocacy, case stories, and generally enable the cremation and memorial service conducted study found that donations in addition to saving act for money or convenience considerations, donors and their families are willing to accept the destruction of the remains, the key Tzu Chi Field (...) is "holy" of the language and rituals in general, a symbol of the body into three kinds, namely, "body ecology", "moral of the body", "Buddha's body," corresponds to "recycle", "moral personality of Practice, "" Buddha out "three implications, there is marked from the material to enhance the mental existence, life and death from limited to unlimited cross, the meaning of these transcendent filmmaking. It involves not only "How do funeral," and includes "how to face death" problem, although the religious community in the Field of Tzu Chi generation, but also cultural habit and closely related, such as the considerable extent to meet the Chinese completed "moral character" sense of achievement needs, and the future world be born good way of expectations. Donations may not be the main cause of religious belief, social or interpersonal environment often led to donations of helping the "practice of imitation." Groups and individuals agree on the meaning of sympathy donations, making the fear of death no longer is taboo things, even beyond the face of donor derived force to settle the death of volume, abnormal formation of the modern Chinese in the traditional "nail in the coffin" as the rationale and concept. This paper examines how the Buddhist Tzuchi organization's promotion of body donation for medical use is able to challenge the Chinese tradition of "keeping the cadaver intact." Researching on Master Chengyen and Tzuchi volunteers' appeals, case stories, and memorial rituals for body donors, the study finds that apart from economical and convenient reasons, donors and their relatives accept the damage to the corpses as a result of the "sanctification" of the donors by Tzuchi's rituals and narratives. The corpses are transformed into three symbols, namely, the body of ecology, the body of morality, and the body of bodhisattva, each connoting to "recycling of resources", "fulfillment of moral personality", and "practice of the Bodhisattva's way". These meanings represent the elevation of physical existence to spiritual existence and the crossing of life and death from limitation to infinity. They become persuasive in preparing not only for the funeral, but also for the death. Their appearance in Tzuchi's socio-religious field is very much motivated by cultural habitus, for example, the value of "moral personality" and the hope for good incarnation in next life for the Chinese. Religious belief is not necessary a factor for body donation. The helping aura in Tzuchi community and personal networks often brings about "mimesis of practices". The echoing of individuals and the group to the meanings of donation makes death not formidable. The body donation establishes a norm of "biding farewell to life," different from the tradition, for modern Chinese. (shrink)

Cross-strait government reform over the past conduct cremation, quite successful, but whether the regime has been designed to take into account cultural, institutional, resource, technology, four for a change, so does the cremation switch to implement the policy. This needs to be cremated on the two sides over the last regime change process understanding, and understand exactly what factors influence changes in order to identify future cross-Strait development model cremation regime, and the funeral industry, competition and cooperation of the Road. (...) This follows the regime change of the theoretical foundation, through literature analysis, comparative study and field interviews, the two sides to conduct a comparative analysis of reform cremation. The results showed: changes in the process, Taiwan first Award cremation into the tower, and then increased to allow cremation burial; Mainland China is the first mandatory cremation burial, and then promote the ashes of deposit; changes in the reasons, the two sides are of the same relative price changes effect, but the impact of changing preferences, Mainland Leaders leading and exemplary role is stronger than Taiwan; changes in the way, Taiwan side mining-induced changes, Mainland side to adopt a mandatory change; reform and the results, Taiwan's cremation Although the fast growth rate, but a greater impact on the environment to build the tower; the popularity of the ashes of storage facilities and planning construction professional, although better than the Mainland, but the development of cremation equipment and technology, such as Mainland China is not. The governments of Mainland China and Taiwan proceeded to reform the crematory custom, which were quite effective in the past. Had they already given consideration to the change with the system of cultural value on institutional design, to enable crematory policy to be really implemented? This issue arises to understand the change course of crematory institution on both sides in great detail, and master the key issues of potential changes. Herewith it can be found out the development paths of crematory institution changes of two sides in the future, and the possible ways of funeral industry's mutual competition and cooperation. This paper, in accordance with the theoretical foundations of institution changes and the analytic approaches including literature review, comparative research and field interview, carried on the comparative analysis of crematory reform between Mainland China and Taiwan. The result of this study is as follows: 1. In terms of Changes course, Taiwan rewarded for cremating into the tower at the beginning, increased and allowed to cremate burial in the grounds later. On the other hand, the order has reversed by carrying on cremating burial in the grounds by force in Mainland China, followed by deposit the ashes by recommendation. 2. As to the reasons of change, the change of relative price affected the funeral custom reform in both sides. Moreover, affecting the change of people's preference , the exemplary role of the mainland leaders taking the lead in response to the reform has greater influence than Taiwanese leaders did. 3. As to the method of change, Taiwan government adopted inducing method during the reform, whereas China took the mandatory way.4 . Effectiveness of the reform, the growth rate of cremation of Taiwan is much faster in Taiwan, yet, building the tower has side effect to the environment. In Taiwan the ashes containing facilities are available to all and the specialty of planning to build facilities is far superior to that of in Mainland China, but the research and development of the cremation equipment and technology in Taiwan has lagged than that of in Mainland China. (shrink)

"Near-death experience", English for the Near-Death Experience, referred to as NDE, referring to occurred in the actual death or very close to them, our awareness away from the body clear off the experience. Near-death experience study abroad has been for many years, China is still off. The study, based on the United States Keynes • Lin cells of the theory, put forward by their experience of the ten elements of the future selected four local cases and take the depth qualitative (...) research interviews and hermeneutics, the future of near-death experience and depth of religious faith relations. The results showed: 1. Buddhist scriptures in the context of relevant theory and management in the body in the shade, shift back to the concept of ideas and can Shifangshijie case Experiences and cross-referencing. The CD methodology knowledge of Buddhism is the idea from a consistent, as the case may be different interpretation of the content by the qualification. 2 Buddhism profound impact of the case near-death experience of the content, qualification process and subsequent impact. 3 cases of near-death experience after qualification also tend to religious self-cultivation, In order to convert to Buddhism. Near-Death Experience is abbreviated as NDE. The research on NDE in other countries is more than twenty years, but it is only at the beginning stage in Taiwan. The dissertation will focus on the outcomes of the research in the west, and raise my hypothesis and interpretation from eastern points of view. Based on pragmatic research, I would like to discuss how Buddhist theory interprets NDE and its meaning. Based on the theory of Kenneth Ring of USA, and ten kinds of experiences such as finding oneself dead, being peaceful and happy, feeling of out of the body, feeling of entering a dark place, hearing someone's voice, reflecting on one's life, seeing the light, being surrounded by the light, seeing beautiful colors, entering the light, encountering souls. I have categorized the contents of my interviews and discussed about them item by item. Based on scientific theory in the west and Buddhist Theory of Consciousness-Only, it can be proved that NDE comes from reflection of the light formed by the function of consciousness. Those who have near-death experiences start to search for the meaning of life and develop new perspective of death. They take refuge in religion in order to find the answer and to regain mental balance. Buddhist belief has certain impact on NDE, and NDE brings cases looking for religious believe. On the one hand, it arises from consciousness, and the consciousness is influenced by the environment and culture. On the other hand, Buddhist faith has intermingled with Chinese culture and been deeply rooted in people's minds, just as Christian belief is also connected with NDE. (shrink)