The paper analyses the application of the best interest standard in the medical care of extremely preterm babies. It proposes that as long as the parents base their decision on a well-founded medical opinion regarding the neonate’s diagnosis and prognosis and are not victims of superstition or prejudice, medical professionals are obligated to respect the parents’ informed consent, even if the professionals disagree with the parents’ opinion. In their assessments of the neonate’s interest, medical professionals can be primarily guided by (...) their judgment regarding its diagnosis and prognosis. By contrast, the personal involvement of the parents in the decision-making process, their values and the family-specific context of the infant’s possible future makes their opinion regarding the infant’s interests significantly more convincing than the opinions of other persons involved. (shrink)