BackgroundPublished data and practice recommendations on end-of-life care generally reflect Western practice frameworks; there are limited data on withdrawal of treatment for children in China.MethodsWithdrawal of treatment for children in the pediatric intensive care unit of a regional children’s hospital in eastern China from 2006 to 2017 was studied retrospectively. Withdrawal of treatment was categorized as medical withdrawal or premature withdrawal. The guardian’s self-reported reasons for abandoning the child’s treatment were recorded from 2011.ResultsThe incidence of withdrawal of treatment for children (...) in the PICU decreased significantly; for premature withdrawal the 3-year average of 15.1% in 2006–2008 decreased to 1.9% in 2015–2017. The overall incidence of withdrawal of care reduced over the time period, and withdrawal of therapy by guardians was the main contributor to the overall reduction. The median age of children for whom treatment was withdrawn increased from 14.5 months in 2006 to 40.5 months in 2017. Among the reasons given by guardians of children whose treatment was withdrawn in 2011–2017, “illness is too severe” ranked first, accounting for 66.3%, followed by “condition has been improved”. Only a few guardians ascribed treatment withdrawal to economic reasons.ConclusionsThe frequency of withdrawal of medical therapy has changed over time in this children’s hospital PICU, and parental decision-making has been a large part of the change. (shrink)

The present study examines the nexus of religiosity and two career-success elements: positive impact and financial success. The cross-sectional analysis from 985 individuals of various religious backgrounds in Indonesia reveals that collectively religiosity positively relates to the importance of both positive impacts and financial success. Positive impact importance also positively relates to financial success importance, and it partially mediates the relationship between religiosity and financial success importance. The partial mediation indicates that when religious individuals aim for financial success, they will (...) use their financial resources for their own religious fulfillment and for others. This remark illustrates “to be rich but not only for me” phrase in the title. In addition to the combined results of four major religions (Islam, Christianity—divided into Protestantism and Catholicism—Hinduism, and Buddhism), we also explore each religion separately within this study. (shrink)