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  1. Reactivity in the human sciences.Caterina Marchionni, Julie Zahle & Marion Godman - 2024 - European Journal for Philosophy of Science 14 (1):1-24.
    The reactions that science triggers on the people it studies, describes, or theorises about, can affect the science itself and its claims to knowledge. This phenomenon, which we call reactivity, has been discussed in many different areas of the social sciences and the philosophy of science, falling under different rubrics such as the Hawthorne effect, self-fulfilling prophecies, the looping effects of human kinds, the performativity of models, observer effects, experimenter effects and experimenter demand effects. In this paper we review state-of-the-art (...)
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  • Reactivity and good data in qualitative data collection.Julie Zahle - 2023 - European Journal for Philosophy of Science 13 (1):1-18.
    Reactivity in qualitative data collection occurs when a researcher generates data about a situation with reactivity, that is, a situation in which the ongoing research affects the research participants such that they, say, diverge from their routines when the researcher is present, or tell the researcher what they think she wants to hear. In qualitative research, there are two basic approaches to reactivity. The traditional position maintains that data should ideally be collected in situations without any reactivity. In other words, (...)
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  • Contextualist model evaluation: models in financial economics and index funds.Melissa Vergara-Fernández, Conrad Heilmann & Marta Szymanowska - 2023 - European Journal for Philosophy of Science 13 (1):1-23.
    Philosophers of science typically focus on the epistemic performance of scientific models when evaluating them. Analysing the effects that models may have on the world has typically been the purview of sociologists of science. We argue that the reactive (or “performative”) effects of models should also figure in model evaluations by philosophers of science. We provide a detailed analysis of how models in financial economics created the impetus for the growing importance of the phenomenon of “passive investing” in financial markets. (...)
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  • Legitimate Reactivity in Measuring Social Phenomena: Race and the Census.Rosa W. Runhardt - 2023 - Philosophy of the Social Sciences 53 (2):122-141.
    As a result of being measured, individuals sometimes alter their behavior and attitudes to such extent that subsequent measurement results are affected. This ‘reactivity’ to measurement problematizes prediction and explanation, but some reactivity is nevertheless legitimate. Using the example of the measurement of race in the US Census, this article demonstrates that some forms of reactivity do not affect the accuracy of research. The article argues that legitimacy of reactivity depends on the metaphysical status of the phenomenon being measured. It (...)
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