Computing technology is clearly a technical revolution but will most probably bring about a cultural revolution as well. The effects of this technology on human culture will be dramatic and far-reaching. Yet, computers and electronic networks are but the latest development in a long history of cognitive tools, such as writing and printing. We will examine this history, which exhibits long-term trends toward an increasing democratization of culture, before turning to today’s technology. Within this framework, we will analyze the probable (...) effects of computing on culture: dynamical representations, generalized networking, constant modification and reproduction. To address the problems posed by this new technical environment, we will suggest possible remedies. In particular, the role of social institutions will be discussed, and we will outline the shape of new electronic institutions able to deal with the information flow on the internet. (shrink)