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  1. Public Relations and Rawls: An Ill-Fitting Veil to Wear.Chris Roberts - 2012 - Journal of Mass Media Ethics 27 (3):163-176.
    John Rawls's ?veil of ignorance? approach to ethical decision making is a staple in mass media ethics literature, but Rawls's overarching theory of distributive justice receives less consideration in public relations ethics than in other communication disciplines. Public relations ethicists who describe the veil often divorce it from Rawls's original intention. This paper describes Rawls's theory; its uses and misuses in contemporary discussions of public relations ethics; six reasons why the veil seems to be a difficult fit for public relations (...)
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  • Ethical considerations of public relations practitioners: An empirical analysis of the tares test.Paul S. Lieber - 2005 - Journal of Mass Media Ethics 20 (4):288 – 304.
    This study conducted the first empirical testing of Baker and Martinson's TARES test of ethical consideration factors for public relations practitioners. The TARES test is composed of 5 interconnected parts: truthfulness of the message, authenticity of the persuader, respect for the persuadee, equity of the appeal, and social responsibility for the common good. Results of an online exploratory survey indicate that the TARES test is better suited for a 3-factor configuration based on Day's definition of moral knowledge and that ethical (...)
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  • The TARES Test: Five Principles for Ethical Persuasion.Sherry Baker & David Martinson - 2001 - Journal of Mass Media Ethics 16 (2-3):148-175.
    Whereas professional persuasion is a means to an immediate and instrumental end, ethical persuasion must rest on or serve a deeper, morally based final end. Among the moral final ends of journalism, for example, are truth and freedom. There is a very real danger that advertisers and public relations practitioners will play an increasingly dysfunctional role in the communications process if means continue to be confused with ends in professional persuasive communications. Means and ends will continue to be confused unless (...)
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