Dieser Zeitschriftenschwerpunkt versammelt fünf Beiträge zum Spannungsverhältnis von Sprache, Ethik und Politik. Entgegen der traditionellen Fokussierung der Sprachphilosophie auf logische und epistemologische Fragestellungen unterstreicht der Schwerpunkt die Relevanz der Sprache in der Praktischen Philosophie. Damit verortet er sich im größeren Zusammenhang einer ethisch-politischen Wende zur Sprache nach dem linguistic turn, die seit Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts immer mehr an Kontur gewinnt. Diese Hinwendung zur Sprache in ihrer ethischen und politischen Dimension folgt der Einsicht, dass Sprache nicht nur unter epistemischen Vorzeichen (...) verhandelt werden kann. Vielmehr sieht sich jede Reflexion auf Sprache unweigerlich mit einer irreduziblen Verschränkung von Epistemologie, Ethik und Politik konfrontiert. Sprachphilosophie im 21. Jahrhundert muss – nicht zuletzt vor dem Hintergrund aktueller gesellschaftspolitischer Herausforderungen – dieser Verschränkung Rechnung tragen. (shrink)

This paper raises the question whether language and violence are internally connected. It starts from the experience of violence and from its theoretical interpretation as violence in the context of political forms of life which are challenged by complaints about violence. Such forms of life have to confront this issue because they are supposed to be responsive to claims and demands of others who articulate violence as an experience of violation. Whether a kind of responsive ethos may be based on (...) the suspected inner connection between language and violence is being discussed at the end. (shrink)

Dieser Essay untersucht den inneren Zusammenhang zwischen Sprache und Gewalt einerseits, Ethik und Politik andererseits. In diesen Hinsichten werden sowohl fatalistische als auch naiv-optimistische Positionen zurückgewiesen, insofern sie der Erfahrung nicht angemessen Rechnung tragen, wie wir der Gewalt auf der Suche nach einem lebbaren Leben ausgesetzt sind.

The current study represents an integrated model of explicit and implicit offensive language taxonomy. First, it focuses on a definitional revision and enrichment of the explicit offensive language taxonomy by reviewing the collection of available corpora and comparing tagging schemas applied there. The study relies mainly on the categories originally proposed by Zampieri et al. (2019) in terms of offensive language categorization schemata. After the explanation of semantic differences between particular concepts used in the tagging systems and the analysis of (...) theoretical frameworks, a finite set of classes is presented, which cover aspects of offensive language representation along with linguistically sound explanations (Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk et al. 2021). In the analytic procedure, offensive from non-offensive discourse is first distinguished, with the question of offence Target and the following categorization levels and sublevels. Based on the relevant data generated from Sketch Engine (https://www.sketchengine.eu/ententen-english-corpus/), we propose the concept of offensive language as a superordinate category in our system with a number of hierarchically arranged 17 subcategories. The categories are taxonomically structured into 4 levels and verified with the use of neural-based (lexical) embeddings. Together with a taxonomy of implicit offensive language and its subcategorization levels which has received little scholarly attention until now, the categorization is exemplified in samples of offensive discourses in selected English social media materials, i.e., publicly available 25 web-based hate speech datasets (consult Appendix 1 for a complete list). The offensive category levels (types of offence, targets, etc.) and aspects (offensive language property clusters) as well as the categories of explicitness and implicitness are discussed in the study and the computationally verified integrated explicit and implicit offensive language taxonomy proposed in the study. (shrink)